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Tuesday, July 20, 2010

FIV and Papillomavirus

Munday JS, Witham AI: Frequent detection of papillomavirus DNA in clinically normal skin of cats infected and noninfected with feline immunodeficiency virus, Vet Dermatol 21:307, 2010.

Feline squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), a type of skin cancer, often have evidence of infection with feline papillomavirus (FPV); it is not known if the virus contributes to cancer development in cats. Cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) have a higher incidence of SCC, perhaps due to increased FPV infection. This study examined the rate of FPV infection in healthy cats (without SCC), and compared this rate in FIV-free (n=22), and FIV-infected cats (n=22). The investigators found that 52% of cats tested positive for FPV; no difference was found in FIV-infected versus uninfected cats. In addition, both FPV-infected and uninfected cats were found within single households, indicating exposure does not necessarily lead to infection. The investigators concluded that while FPV infection in asymptomatic cats is common, a link with SCC could not be shown. [MK]


Related articles:
Munday JS, Dunowska M, De Grey S: Detection of two different papillomaviruses within a feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: case report and review of the literature, N Z Vet J 57:248, 2009.

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
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Munday JS, Witham AI: Frequent detection of papillomavirus DNA in clinically normal skin of cats infected and noninfected with feline immunodeficiency virus, Vet Dermatol 21:307, 2010.

Feline squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), a type of skin cancer, often have evidence of infection with feline papillomavirus (FPV); it is not known if the virus contributes to cancer development in cats. Cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) have a higher incidence of SCC, perhaps due to increased FPV infection. This study examined the rate of FPV infection in healthy cats (without SCC), and compared this rate in FIV-free (n=22), and FIV-infected cats (n=22). The investigators found that 52% of cats tested positive for FPV; no difference was found in FIV-infected versus uninfected cats. In addition, both FPV-infected and uninfected cats were found within single households, indicating exposure does not necessarily lead to infection. The investigators concluded that while FPV infection in asymptomatic cats is common, a link with SCC could not be shown. [MK]


Related articles:
Munday JS, Dunowska M, De Grey S: Detection of two different papillomaviruses within a feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: case report and review of the literature, N Z Vet J 57:248, 2009.

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
Join us on Facebook
Follow us on Twitter
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Friday, July 16, 2010

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Thursday, July 15, 2010

Watsons and Orchard Clinic Promo


Spend min. $30 nett in a single recipt at watsons and get to enjoy the following at Orchard Clinic:
- Free Spinal Check Up or Free Podiatrist Consultation worth $110. 

Go to for more info: http://vip.watsons.com.sg/web/PriceOff.do

Spend min. $30 nett in a single recipt at watsons and get to enjoy the following at Orchard Clinic:
- Free Spinal Check Up or Free Podiatrist Consultation worth $110. 

Go to for more info: http://vip.watsons.com.sg/web/PriceOff.do
Read More


Health Book Summaires: Arthritis

Arthritis is a disease that causes loss of movement and pain in the joints. Affecting both adults and children alike, over 40 million people in the United States have arthritis, many with chronic pain which affects daily life. Read on to learn more about this debilitating disease and what you can do about it.

1. According to the Arthritis Foundation, nearly one in three adults has arthritis or chronic joint symptoms, and arthritis is the leading cause of disability among Americans older than age fifteen.

- David Winston, RH(AHG), and Steven Maimes, Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief



2. Enzyme therapy has been used to treat arthritis for many years, particularly because of the ability of certain enzymes to reduce inflammation.

- Tom Bohager, Everything You Need to Know About Enzymes to Treat Everything from Digestive Problems and Allergies to Migraines and Arthritis



3. The two most common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Fibromyalgia often is considered an arthritis-related condition, but it is not a true form of arthritis because it does not cause inflammation or damage to the joints.

- David Winston, RH(AHG), and Steven Maimes, Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief



4. The most common form of arthritis, osteoarthritis, afflicts 12 percent of the United States population age twenty-five and older (approximately 21 million people).

- Jonathan W. Emord, The Rise of Tyranny



5. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that is related to but distinct from osteoarthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis antibodies are formed against components of bone, cartilage and synovia of joints, and the immune cells of the body attack the joints of most parts of the body, causing inflammation, fibrosis and joint destruction. Although this disease can affect children in the juvenile form of rheumatoid arthritis, most sufferers from arthritis are middle-aged or elderly.

- Kilmer S. McCully, The Homocysteine Revolution





6. Juvenile arthritis is a form of rheumatoid arthritis that strikes children under the age of sixteen. It affects 71,000 young Americans, most of them female. The onset of rheumatoid arthritis is associated with physical or emotional stress, poor nutrition, and bacterial infection. Rheumatologists have discovered that the blood of many people with rheumatoid arthritis contains antibodies called rheumatoid factors, a finding that can aid in the diagnosis of the condition. While osteoarthritis affects individual joints, rheumatoid arthritis affects all of the body's synovial joints.

- Phyllis A. Balch, CNC, Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 4th Edition: A Practical A-to-Z Reference to Drug-Free Remedies Using Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs & Food Supplements



7. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is the most prevalent form in children, and there are three major types: polyarticular (affecting many joints), pauciarticular (affecting a few joints), and systemic (affecting the entire body). The signs and symptoms of juvenile rheumatoid Arthritis vary from child to child. There is no single test that establishes conclusively a diagnosis of juvenile Arthritis, and the condition must be present consistently for six or more consecutive weeks before a correct diagnosis can be made. Heredity is thought to play some part in the development of juvenile Arthritis.

- Phyllis A. Balch, CNC, Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 4th Edition: A Practical A-to-Z Reference to Drug-Free Remedies Using Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs & Food Supplements



8. Today there is a very simple, effective, and inexpensive treatment for arthritis: powdered dried chicken cartilage — specifically, 1 teaspoonful in a glass of fruit juice once a day. Shark cartilage, which is quite rich in various nutrients, also works well in this application. According to a study performed by Harvard Medical School, arthritis sufferers who had previously been treated by conventional means with no results took this dosage of chicken cartilage and found that all pain and inflammation disappeared in ten days. In three months, they had recovered lasting mobility.

- Marie-France Muller, M.D., N.D., Ph.D., Colloidal Minerals and Trace Elements: How to Restore the Body's Natural Vitality



9. The sulfur content in fingernails of arthritis sufferers is lower than that of healthy subjects without arthritis. Ginger contains anti-inflammatory compounds called gingerols. These substances are believed to explain why so many people with osteoarthritis experience reduction in their pain levels and improvement in their mobility when they consume ginger regularly. Although most scientific studies have used powdered gingerroot, fresh gingerroot at an equivalent dosage is believed to yield even better results because it contains active enzymes. Most studies utilized 1 gram of powdered gingerroot.

- Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D., The Encyclopedia of Healing Foods



10. The swelling and deformity that takes place in arthritic joints can result from a thickening of the synovial membrane, an increase in the secretion of synovial fluid, enlargement of the bones, or some combination of these factors.

- Phyllis A. Balch, CNC, Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 4th Edition: A Practical A-to-Z Reference to Drug-Free Remedies Using Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs & Food Supplements



11. The anti-inflammatory action of the following adaptogens makes them useful for relief from arthritis: amla, ashwagandha, Asian ginseng, cordyceps, eleuthero, guduchi, holy basil, jiaogulan, licorice, reishi, rhodiola, schisandra, and shilajit.

- David Winston, RH(AHG), and Steven Maimes, Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief



12. Arthritis can sometimes be exacerbated by a deficiency in minerals, including phosphorous, magnesium, calcium, and manganese, and also by a lack of vitamins E and C.

- Dharma Singh Khalsa, M.D., Brain Longevity: The Breakthrough Medical Program that Improves Your Mind and Memory



13. Research has shown that fish-oil supplements can sometimes reduce the pain, swelling, and stiffness of rheumatoid arthritis, says Dr. Prosch. Take 6 grams, or six 1,000-milligram capsules, a day for 4 to 6 months, he recommends. The capsules provide 1,080 milligrams of EPA and 720 milligrams of DHA, which is the average amount needed by most patients, he says. You can take them all at once or in divided doses, according to Dr. Prosch. As with most natural treatments for chronic disease, don't expect the pain to vanish overnight. For most people, it takes 3 to 4 months before the treatment begins to soothe aching joints. After about 5 months, Dr. Prosch recommends reducing the dosage to three capsules, or 3,000 milligrams, daily.

- Bill Gottlieb, Alternative Cures: The Most Effective Natural Home Remedies for 160 Health Problems



14. Athletes are not necessarily more likely to develop osteoarthritis than couch potatoes, though football players and those who damage their joints are at greater risk. In some respects the couch potato may be in greater danger of developing joint problems than many athletes. If you are overweight, you put more strain on your knees and hips and increase your risk for later problems. We are also beginning to learn that what you eat may influence your risk of arthritis.

- Joe Graedon, M.S. and Teresa Graedon, Ph.D., Best Choices From the People's Pharmacy



15. Lyme disease can mimic arthritis, causing many of the same symptoms.

- Phyllis A. Balch, CNC, Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 4th Edition: A Practical A-to-Z Reference to Drug-Free Remedies Using Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs & Food Supplements



16. Another autoimmune disease that often manifests itself as arthritis is systemic lupus erythematosus (Lupus). For reasons unknown, the body produces antibodies that act against its own tissues. In its early stages, ulcerative colitis can cause symptoms like those of arthritis. Because this may occur before there are any abdominal symptoms, it can lead to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. More information about arthritis is available from the Arthritis Foundation.

- Phyllis A. Balch, CNC, Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 4th Edition: A Practical A-to-Z Reference to Drug-Free Remedies Using Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs & Food Supplements



17. In nearly half of the women with unexplained arthritis tested in one study, chlamydia was found in the joints. Seventy-five percent had elevated levels of antibodies to chlamydia in their blood.

- Phyllis A. Balch, CNC, Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 4th Edition: A Practical A-to-Z Reference to Drug-Free Remedies Using Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs & Food Supplements



18. Benefits of cayenne for specific health conditions include the following: Arthritis, diabetic and herpes-related nerve Damage, psoriasis, and sore muscles. Capsaicin in cayenne acts as a counter-irritant, causing temporary pain to the skin that depletes the chemical messengers of pain for the joint.

- Phyllis A. Balch, CNC, Prescription for Herbal Healing: An Easy-to-Use A-Z Reference to Hundreds of Common Disorders and Their Herbal Remedies



19. Olives and olive oil may also be important in the prevention and treatment of asthma, arthritis, and Cancer. Since healthy oils are important for lowering systemic inflammation, it is not surprising that olive oil intake has been shown to be helpful with arthritis and asthma symptoms as well.

- Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D., The Encyclopedia of Healing Foods



20. In the northern hemisphere, communities that are farther north tend to have more Type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, breast cancer, prostate cancer and colon cancer, in addition to other diseases.

- T. Colin Campbell, Ph.D. and Thomas M. Campbell II, The China Study: The Most Comprehensive Study of Nutrition Ever Conducted and the Startling Implications for Diet, Weight Loss and Long-term Health
Arthritis is a disease that causes loss of movement and pain in the joints. Affecting both adults and children alike, over 40 million people in the United States have arthritis, many with chronic pain which affects daily life. Read on to learn more about this debilitating disease and what you can do about it.

1. According to the Arthritis Foundation, nearly one in three adults has arthritis or chronic joint symptoms, and arthritis is the leading cause of disability among Americans older than age fifteen.

- David Winston, RH(AHG), and Steven Maimes, Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief



2. Enzyme therapy has been used to treat arthritis for many years, particularly because of the ability of certain enzymes to reduce inflammation.

- Tom Bohager, Everything You Need to Know About Enzymes to Treat Everything from Digestive Problems and Allergies to Migraines and Arthritis



3. The two most common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Fibromyalgia often is considered an arthritis-related condition, but it is not a true form of arthritis because it does not cause inflammation or damage to the joints.

- David Winston, RH(AHG), and Steven Maimes, Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief



4. The most common form of arthritis, osteoarthritis, afflicts 12 percent of the United States population age twenty-five and older (approximately 21 million people).

- Jonathan W. Emord, The Rise of Tyranny



5. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that is related to but distinct from osteoarthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis antibodies are formed against components of bone, cartilage and synovia of joints, and the immune cells of the body attack the joints of most parts of the body, causing inflammation, fibrosis and joint destruction. Although this disease can affect children in the juvenile form of rheumatoid arthritis, most sufferers from arthritis are middle-aged or elderly.

- Kilmer S. McCully, The Homocysteine Revolution





6. Juvenile arthritis is a form of rheumatoid arthritis that strikes children under the age of sixteen. It affects 71,000 young Americans, most of them female. The onset of rheumatoid arthritis is associated with physical or emotional stress, poor nutrition, and bacterial infection. Rheumatologists have discovered that the blood of many people with rheumatoid arthritis contains antibodies called rheumatoid factors, a finding that can aid in the diagnosis of the condition. While osteoarthritis affects individual joints, rheumatoid arthritis affects all of the body's synovial joints.

- Phyllis A. Balch, CNC, Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 4th Edition: A Practical A-to-Z Reference to Drug-Free Remedies Using Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs & Food Supplements



7. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is the most prevalent form in children, and there are three major types: polyarticular (affecting many joints), pauciarticular (affecting a few joints), and systemic (affecting the entire body). The signs and symptoms of juvenile rheumatoid Arthritis vary from child to child. There is no single test that establishes conclusively a diagnosis of juvenile Arthritis, and the condition must be present consistently for six or more consecutive weeks before a correct diagnosis can be made. Heredity is thought to play some part in the development of juvenile Arthritis.

- Phyllis A. Balch, CNC, Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 4th Edition: A Practical A-to-Z Reference to Drug-Free Remedies Using Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs & Food Supplements



8. Today there is a very simple, effective, and inexpensive treatment for arthritis: powdered dried chicken cartilage — specifically, 1 teaspoonful in a glass of fruit juice once a day. Shark cartilage, which is quite rich in various nutrients, also works well in this application. According to a study performed by Harvard Medical School, arthritis sufferers who had previously been treated by conventional means with no results took this dosage of chicken cartilage and found that all pain and inflammation disappeared in ten days. In three months, they had recovered lasting mobility.

- Marie-France Muller, M.D., N.D., Ph.D., Colloidal Minerals and Trace Elements: How to Restore the Body's Natural Vitality



9. The sulfur content in fingernails of arthritis sufferers is lower than that of healthy subjects without arthritis. Ginger contains anti-inflammatory compounds called gingerols. These substances are believed to explain why so many people with osteoarthritis experience reduction in their pain levels and improvement in their mobility when they consume ginger regularly. Although most scientific studies have used powdered gingerroot, fresh gingerroot at an equivalent dosage is believed to yield even better results because it contains active enzymes. Most studies utilized 1 gram of powdered gingerroot.

- Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D., The Encyclopedia of Healing Foods



10. The swelling and deformity that takes place in arthritic joints can result from a thickening of the synovial membrane, an increase in the secretion of synovial fluid, enlargement of the bones, or some combination of these factors.

- Phyllis A. Balch, CNC, Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 4th Edition: A Practical A-to-Z Reference to Drug-Free Remedies Using Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs & Food Supplements



11. The anti-inflammatory action of the following adaptogens makes them useful for relief from arthritis: amla, ashwagandha, Asian ginseng, cordyceps, eleuthero, guduchi, holy basil, jiaogulan, licorice, reishi, rhodiola, schisandra, and shilajit.

- David Winston, RH(AHG), and Steven Maimes, Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief



12. Arthritis can sometimes be exacerbated by a deficiency in minerals, including phosphorous, magnesium, calcium, and manganese, and also by a lack of vitamins E and C.

- Dharma Singh Khalsa, M.D., Brain Longevity: The Breakthrough Medical Program that Improves Your Mind and Memory



13. Research has shown that fish-oil supplements can sometimes reduce the pain, swelling, and stiffness of rheumatoid arthritis, says Dr. Prosch. Take 6 grams, or six 1,000-milligram capsules, a day for 4 to 6 months, he recommends. The capsules provide 1,080 milligrams of EPA and 720 milligrams of DHA, which is the average amount needed by most patients, he says. You can take them all at once or in divided doses, according to Dr. Prosch. As with most natural treatments for chronic disease, don't expect the pain to vanish overnight. For most people, it takes 3 to 4 months before the treatment begins to soothe aching joints. After about 5 months, Dr. Prosch recommends reducing the dosage to three capsules, or 3,000 milligrams, daily.

- Bill Gottlieb, Alternative Cures: The Most Effective Natural Home Remedies for 160 Health Problems



14. Athletes are not necessarily more likely to develop osteoarthritis than couch potatoes, though football players and those who damage their joints are at greater risk. In some respects the couch potato may be in greater danger of developing joint problems than many athletes. If you are overweight, you put more strain on your knees and hips and increase your risk for later problems. We are also beginning to learn that what you eat may influence your risk of arthritis.

- Joe Graedon, M.S. and Teresa Graedon, Ph.D., Best Choices From the People's Pharmacy



15. Lyme disease can mimic arthritis, causing many of the same symptoms.

- Phyllis A. Balch, CNC, Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 4th Edition: A Practical A-to-Z Reference to Drug-Free Remedies Using Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs & Food Supplements



16. Another autoimmune disease that often manifests itself as arthritis is systemic lupus erythematosus (Lupus). For reasons unknown, the body produces antibodies that act against its own tissues. In its early stages, ulcerative colitis can cause symptoms like those of arthritis. Because this may occur before there are any abdominal symptoms, it can lead to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. More information about arthritis is available from the Arthritis Foundation.

- Phyllis A. Balch, CNC, Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 4th Edition: A Practical A-to-Z Reference to Drug-Free Remedies Using Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs & Food Supplements



17. In nearly half of the women with unexplained arthritis tested in one study, chlamydia was found in the joints. Seventy-five percent had elevated levels of antibodies to chlamydia in their blood.

- Phyllis A. Balch, CNC, Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 4th Edition: A Practical A-to-Z Reference to Drug-Free Remedies Using Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs & Food Supplements



18. Benefits of cayenne for specific health conditions include the following: Arthritis, diabetic and herpes-related nerve Damage, psoriasis, and sore muscles. Capsaicin in cayenne acts as a counter-irritant, causing temporary pain to the skin that depletes the chemical messengers of pain for the joint.

- Phyllis A. Balch, CNC, Prescription for Herbal Healing: An Easy-to-Use A-Z Reference to Hundreds of Common Disorders and Their Herbal Remedies



19. Olives and olive oil may also be important in the prevention and treatment of asthma, arthritis, and Cancer. Since healthy oils are important for lowering systemic inflammation, it is not surprising that olive oil intake has been shown to be helpful with arthritis and asthma symptoms as well.

- Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D., The Encyclopedia of Healing Foods



20. In the northern hemisphere, communities that are farther north tend to have more Type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, breast cancer, prostate cancer and colon cancer, in addition to other diseases.

- T. Colin Campbell, Ph.D. and Thomas M. Campbell II, The China Study: The Most Comprehensive Study of Nutrition Ever Conducted and the Startling Implications for Diet, Weight Loss and Long-term Health
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Dietary Therapy for Feline Arthritis

Lascelles BDX, DePuy V, Thomson A et al: Evaluation of a therapeutic diet for feline degenerative joint disease, J Vet Intern Med 24:487, 2010.

Cats with degenerative joint disease (DJD) or arthritis commonly have radiographic evidence of its presence. DJD is often associated with pain and pain can result in decreased mobility. This study set out to test a diet high in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content and supplemented with green-lipped mussel extract and glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate for its pain-relieving and activity-enhancing effects in cats with painful, mobility-impairing DJD. Forty client-owned cats were enrolled in a randomized, blinded, prospective study. Outcome measures were subjective owner and veterinarian assessments, and objective activity monitoring (accelerometry). Results showed that activity significantly increased in the cats fed the test diet over a control diet. Evidence is also accumulating that diets high in DHA and EPA might be beneficial in preventing obesity and promoting weight loss by creating an appropriate physiological environment. [VT]

Related articles:
Lascelles BD, Robertson SA: DJD-associated pain in cats: what can we do to promote patient comfort?, J Feline Med Surg 12:200, 2010.

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
Join us on Facebook
Follow us on Twitter
Lascelles BDX, DePuy V, Thomson A et al: Evaluation of a therapeutic diet for feline degenerative joint disease, J Vet Intern Med 24:487, 2010.

Cats with degenerative joint disease (DJD) or arthritis commonly have radiographic evidence of its presence. DJD is often associated with pain and pain can result in decreased mobility. This study set out to test a diet high in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content and supplemented with green-lipped mussel extract and glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate for its pain-relieving and activity-enhancing effects in cats with painful, mobility-impairing DJD. Forty client-owned cats were enrolled in a randomized, blinded, prospective study. Outcome measures were subjective owner and veterinarian assessments, and objective activity monitoring (accelerometry). Results showed that activity significantly increased in the cats fed the test diet over a control diet. Evidence is also accumulating that diets high in DHA and EPA might be beneficial in preventing obesity and promoting weight loss by creating an appropriate physiological environment. [VT]

Related articles:
Lascelles BD, Robertson SA: DJD-associated pain in cats: what can we do to promote patient comfort?, J Feline Med Surg 12:200, 2010.

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
Join us on Facebook
Follow us on Twitter
Read More


Tuesday, July 13, 2010

Ultrasound Findings in Cats with FIP

Lewis KM, O'Brien RT: Abdominal ultrasonographic findings associated with feline infectious peritonitis: a retrospective review of 16 cases, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 46:152, 2010.

Feline enteric coronavirus (FeCV) is especially contagious and present throughout the domestic cat population.  Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is considered to be a mutated form of FeCV. Risk factors for FIP include cats living in multicat households or a cattery, being sexually intact, being less than 5 years of age, and being purebred. There are two forms of FIP that have been described. An effusive form is an immune-mediated vasculitis with the subsequent loss of protein-rich fluid into such areas as the pleural or peritoneal cavities. The non-effusive form involves pyogranulomatous or granulomatous inflammation in multiple organs. This study was a retrospective review of 16 cases analyzing abdominal ultrasonographic results where necropsy or findings were highly suggestive of FIP. This study found that 75% of diagnosed FIP cases had abdominal effusion. Renomegaly was also a frequent finding in this study, while the majority of the feline livers examined in this study were described as normal on ultrasound. In the majority of cases with FIP, the spleen also had a normal ultrasonographic appearance while the spleen is found to be diffusely affected.  Almost half of the study population did not have abdominal lymphadenopathy. None of the ultrasonographic findings were found to be specific for FIP, a combination of findings should increase the index of suspicion for FIP when considered along with appropriate clinical signs. On the other hand, a normal abdominal ultrasound does not exclude the possibility of FIP. [VT]

Related articles:
Goodson TL, Randell SC, Moore LE: Feline infectious peritonitis, Compend Contin Educ Vet 31, 2009.

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
Join us on Facebook
Follow us on Twitter
Lewis KM, O'Brien RT: Abdominal ultrasonographic findings associated with feline infectious peritonitis: a retrospective review of 16 cases, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 46:152, 2010.

Feline enteric coronavirus (FeCV) is especially contagious and present throughout the domestic cat population.  Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is considered to be a mutated form of FeCV. Risk factors for FIP include cats living in multicat households or a cattery, being sexually intact, being less than 5 years of age, and being purebred. There are two forms of FIP that have been described. An effusive form is an immune-mediated vasculitis with the subsequent loss of protein-rich fluid into such areas as the pleural or peritoneal cavities. The non-effusive form involves pyogranulomatous or granulomatous inflammation in multiple organs. This study was a retrospective review of 16 cases analyzing abdominal ultrasonographic results where necropsy or findings were highly suggestive of FIP. This study found that 75% of diagnosed FIP cases had abdominal effusion. Renomegaly was also a frequent finding in this study, while the majority of the feline livers examined in this study were described as normal on ultrasound. In the majority of cases with FIP, the spleen also had a normal ultrasonographic appearance while the spleen is found to be diffusely affected.  Almost half of the study population did not have abdominal lymphadenopathy. None of the ultrasonographic findings were found to be specific for FIP, a combination of findings should increase the index of suspicion for FIP when considered along with appropriate clinical signs. On the other hand, a normal abdominal ultrasound does not exclude the possibility of FIP. [VT]

Related articles:
Goodson TL, Randell SC, Moore LE: Feline infectious peritonitis, Compend Contin Educ Vet 31, 2009.

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
Join us on Facebook
Follow us on Twitter
Read More


Monday, July 12, 2010

High Fructose Diet May Contribute to High Blood Pressure

Newswise — People who eat a diet high in fructose, in the form of added sugar, are at increased risk of developing high blood pressure, or hypertension, according to a study appearing in an upcoming issue of the Journal of the American Society Nephrology (JASN). The results suggest that cutting back on foods and beverages containing a lot of fructose (sugar) might decrease one’s risk of developing hypertension.

Hypertension is the most common chronic condition in developed countries and a major risk factor for heart and kidney diseases. Researchers are striving to identify environmental factors that might be responsible for the development of hypertension, and they suspect that fructose may play a role. Over the past century, a dramatic increase in the consumption of this simple sugar, which is used to sweeten a wide variety of processed foods, mirrors the dramatic rise in the prevalence of hypertension.
To examine whether increased fructose consumption has contributed to rising rates of hypertension, Diana Jalal, MD (University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center) and her colleagues analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2006). The study involved 4,528 US adults 18 years of age or older with no prior history of hypertension. Study participants answered questions related to their consumption of foods and beverages such as fruit juices, soft drinks, bakery products, and candy. Dr. Jalal’s team found that people who consumed a diet of 74 grams or more per day of fructose (corresponding to 2.5 sugary soft drinks per day) had a 26%, 30%, and 77% higher risk for blood pressure levels of 135/85, 140/90, and 160/100 mmHg, respectively. (A normal blood pressure reading is below 120/80 mmHg.)

“Our study identifies a potentially modifiable risk factor for high blood pressure. However, well-planned prospective randomized clinical studies need to be completed to see if low fructose diets will prevent the development of hypertension and its complications,” said Dr. Jalal.

Study co-authors include Richard Johnson, MD, Gerard Smits, PhD, and Michel Chonchol, MD (University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center).

Disclosures: Dr. Richard Johnson is an author of the book, “The Sugar Fix.” All other authors reported no financial disclosures.

Preliminary findings were presented in abstract form at ASN Renal Week 2010 and highlighted in an accompanying press release.

The article, entitled “Increased Fructose Associates with Elevated Blood Pressure,” will appear online at http://jasn.asnjournals.org/ on July 1, 2010, doi 10.1681/ASN.2009111111.

The content of this article does not reflect the views or opinions of The American Society of Nephrology (ASN). Responsibility for the information and views expressed therein lies entirely with the author(s). ASN does not offer medical advice. All content in ASN publications is for informational purposes only, and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions, or adverse effects. This content should not be used during a medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. Please consult your doctor or other qualified health care provider if you have any questions about a medical condition, or before taking any drug, changing your diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment. Do not ignore or delay obtaining professional medical advice because of information accessed through ASN. Call 911 or your doctor for all medical emergencies.

Founded in 1966, the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) is the world’s largest professional society devoted to the study of kidney disease. Comprised of 11,000 physicians and scientists, ASN continues to promote expert patient care, to advance medical research, and to educate the renal community. ASN also informs policymakers about issues of importance to kidney doctors and their patients. ASN funds research, and through its world-renowned meetings and first-class publications, disseminates information and educational tools that empower physicians.
Newswise — People who eat a diet high in fructose, in the form of added sugar, are at increased risk of developing high blood pressure, or hypertension, according to a study appearing in an upcoming issue of the Journal of the American Society Nephrology (JASN). The results suggest that cutting back on foods and beverages containing a lot of fructose (sugar) might decrease one’s risk of developing hypertension.

Hypertension is the most common chronic condition in developed countries and a major risk factor for heart and kidney diseases. Researchers are striving to identify environmental factors that might be responsible for the development of hypertension, and they suspect that fructose may play a role. Over the past century, a dramatic increase in the consumption of this simple sugar, which is used to sweeten a wide variety of processed foods, mirrors the dramatic rise in the prevalence of hypertension.
To examine whether increased fructose consumption has contributed to rising rates of hypertension, Diana Jalal, MD (University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center) and her colleagues analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2006). The study involved 4,528 US adults 18 years of age or older with no prior history of hypertension. Study participants answered questions related to their consumption of foods and beverages such as fruit juices, soft drinks, bakery products, and candy. Dr. Jalal’s team found that people who consumed a diet of 74 grams or more per day of fructose (corresponding to 2.5 sugary soft drinks per day) had a 26%, 30%, and 77% higher risk for blood pressure levels of 135/85, 140/90, and 160/100 mmHg, respectively. (A normal blood pressure reading is below 120/80 mmHg.)

“Our study identifies a potentially modifiable risk factor for high blood pressure. However, well-planned prospective randomized clinical studies need to be completed to see if low fructose diets will prevent the development of hypertension and its complications,” said Dr. Jalal.

Study co-authors include Richard Johnson, MD, Gerard Smits, PhD, and Michel Chonchol, MD (University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center).

Disclosures: Dr. Richard Johnson is an author of the book, “The Sugar Fix.” All other authors reported no financial disclosures.

Preliminary findings were presented in abstract form at ASN Renal Week 2010 and highlighted in an accompanying press release.

The article, entitled “Increased Fructose Associates with Elevated Blood Pressure,” will appear online at http://jasn.asnjournals.org/ on July 1, 2010, doi 10.1681/ASN.2009111111.

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Founded in 1966, the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) is the world’s largest professional society devoted to the study of kidney disease. Comprised of 11,000 physicians and scientists, ASN continues to promote expert patient care, to advance medical research, and to educate the renal community. ASN also informs policymakers about issues of importance to kidney doctors and their patients. ASN funds research, and through its world-renowned meetings and first-class publications, disseminates information and educational tools that empower physicians.
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