Feline Tooth Resorption

DeLaurier A, Boyde A, Jackson B et al: Identifying early osteoclastic resorptive lesions in feline teeth: a model for understanding the origin of multiple idiopathic root resorption, J Periodontal Res 44:248, 2009.

One of the most common oral lesions in cats is osteoclastic tooth resorption, a destructive lesion that typically results in pain and tooth loss. The underlying cause of this dental lesion in cats is not well understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the origin and progression of early tooth resorption lesions in teeth with no clinical signs of disease. The surfaces of 138 teeth from 13 adult cats were analyzed using electron microscopy. At least one resorptive lesion was found in 53% of the teeth. Most cats (85%) had tooth lesions, and there was a significant association between increasing age and incidence of lesions. The most commonly affected teeth were the mandibular molars. Resorptive lesions were found at the cemento-enamel junction in 38% of teeth. Evidence of repair limited to the root surface was found in 23% of teeth. When lesions occurred at the cemento-enamel junction, there was no evidence of repair. The researchers conclude that resorptive lesions are common in feline teeth, even when no signs of disease are obvious. Lesions can be found anywhere on the tooth surface, but there seems to be absent or compromised repair mechanisms at the cemento-enamel junction. [SL]
>> PubMed Abstract

Related articles:
Girard N, Servet E, Biourge V et al: Feline tooth resorption in a colony of 109 cats, J Vet Dent 25:166, 2008.
>> PubMed Abstract

Lewis JR, Okuda A, Shofer FS et al: Significant association between tooth extrusion and tooth resorption in domestic cats, J Vet Dent 25:86, 2008.
>> PubMed Abstract

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DeLaurier A, Boyde A, Jackson B et al: Identifying early osteoclastic resorptive lesions in feline teeth: a model for understanding the origin of multiple idiopathic root resorption, J Periodontal Res 44:248, 2009.

One of the most common oral lesions in cats is osteoclastic tooth resorption, a destructive lesion that typically results in pain and tooth loss. The underlying cause of this dental lesion in cats is not well understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the origin and progression of early tooth resorption lesions in teeth with no clinical signs of disease. The surfaces of 138 teeth from 13 adult cats were analyzed using electron microscopy. At least one resorptive lesion was found in 53% of the teeth. Most cats (85%) had tooth lesions, and there was a significant association between increasing age and incidence of lesions. The most commonly affected teeth were the mandibular molars. Resorptive lesions were found at the cemento-enamel junction in 38% of teeth. Evidence of repair limited to the root surface was found in 23% of teeth. When lesions occurred at the cemento-enamel junction, there was no evidence of repair. The researchers conclude that resorptive lesions are common in feline teeth, even when no signs of disease are obvious. Lesions can be found anywhere on the tooth surface, but there seems to be absent or compromised repair mechanisms at the cemento-enamel junction. [SL]
>> PubMed Abstract

Related articles:
Girard N, Servet E, Biourge V et al: Feline tooth resorption in a colony of 109 cats, J Vet Dent 25:166, 2008.
>> PubMed Abstract

Lewis JR, Okuda A, Shofer FS et al: Significant association between tooth extrusion and tooth resorption in domestic cats, J Vet Dent 25:86, 2008.
>> PubMed Abstract

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FeLV and FIV Affect Blood Values in Cats

Gleich S, Hartmann K: Hematology and serum biochemistry of feline immunodeficiency virus-infected and feline leukemia virus-infected cats, J Vet Intern Med 23:552, 2009.

Complete documentation of the hematologic and biochemical values in cats naturally infected by feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) or feline leukemia virus (FeLV) has been lacking. The authors performed a retrospective study of 3,780 client owned cats tested for FIV and FeLV. The objective was to report differences in laboratory values between FIV- or FeLV-infected and non-infected and between FIV- and FeLV-infected cats. Serum activity levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and serum concentration of glucose were significantly lower, while serum concentrations of total protein (TP) and gamma-globulins were significantly higher in FIV-positive cats compared with negative cats. Results indicated significantly lower PCV, hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC) and platelet counts (PLT) in FeLV-positive cats than FIV- infected and control cats. TP and creatinine concentrations were significantly lower in FeLV-infected cats than in non-infected. FeLV-infected cats were at high risk for the development of cytopenias and hematologic abnormalities are common. Clinicopathologic abnormalities are less frequent in FIV-infected cats. [VT]
>> PubMed Abstract

Related Articles:
Hofmann-Lehmann R, Holznagel E, Ossent P et al: Parameters of disease progression in long-term experimental feline retrovirus (feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus) infections: hematology, clinical chemistry, and lymphocyte subsets, Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 4:33, 1997.
>> Free, full text article

Levy JK, Scott HM, Lachtara JL et al: Seroprevalence of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infection among cats in North America and risk factors for seropositivity, J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:371, 2006.
>> PubMed Abstract

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
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Gleich S, Hartmann K: Hematology and serum biochemistry of feline immunodeficiency virus-infected and feline leukemia virus-infected cats, J Vet Intern Med 23:552, 2009.

Complete documentation of the hematologic and biochemical values in cats naturally infected by feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) or feline leukemia virus (FeLV) has been lacking. The authors performed a retrospective study of 3,780 client owned cats tested for FIV and FeLV. The objective was to report differences in laboratory values between FIV- or FeLV-infected and non-infected and between FIV- and FeLV-infected cats. Serum activity levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and serum concentration of glucose were significantly lower, while serum concentrations of total protein (TP) and gamma-globulins were significantly higher in FIV-positive cats compared with negative cats. Results indicated significantly lower PCV, hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC) and platelet counts (PLT) in FeLV-positive cats than FIV- infected and control cats. TP and creatinine concentrations were significantly lower in FeLV-infected cats than in non-infected. FeLV-infected cats were at high risk for the development of cytopenias and hematologic abnormalities are common. Clinicopathologic abnormalities are less frequent in FIV-infected cats. [VT]
>> PubMed Abstract

Related Articles:
Hofmann-Lehmann R, Holznagel E, Ossent P et al: Parameters of disease progression in long-term experimental feline retrovirus (feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus) infections: hematology, clinical chemistry, and lymphocyte subsets, Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 4:33, 1997.
>> Free, full text article

Levy JK, Scott HM, Lachtara JL et al: Seroprevalence of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infection among cats in North America and risk factors for seropositivity, J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:371, 2006.
>> PubMed Abstract

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Feline Immunodeficiency Virus in African Lions

Roelke ME, Brown MA, Troyer JL et al: Pathological manifestations of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in wild African lions, Virology 390:1, 2009.

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), an important pathogen of domestic cats, also infects other members of the Felidae family, including African lions. Lions have FIV seroprevalence levels of 10% in some populations, and different strains of the virus are known to circulate in much of Africa. It has been unclear whether this virus causes any disease in infected lions, or if it is a host-adapted virus that causes no disease. This study investigated lions in Botswana and Tanzania to determine if there were any clinical correlates with FIV infection. Sixty-four lions in Botswana parks, and 8 lions from the Serengeti Park in Tanzania were sampled. Virtually all FIV-infected animals had gingivitis and poor oral health. Many had papillomatous lesions on the underside of the tongue. Infected lions also had evidence of chronic inflammation. Dehydration was also more common among infected lions, though the underlying cause was not known, as most lived in swamplands with ample water. Anemia was also found more often in infected lions, as was poor coat condition, and lymphoid depletion. The investigators concluded that over time, FIV infections in free-ranging lions can lead to adverse clinical, immunological, and pathological outcomes in some individuals, and could have a detrimental impact on their survival, particularly in times of stress. [MK]
>> PubMed Abstract

Related articles:
Pecon-Slattery J, McCracken CL, Troyer JL, VandeWoude S, Roelke M, Sondgeroth K, Winterbach C, Winterbach H, O'Brien SJ. Genomic organization, sequence divergence, and recombination of feline immunodeficiency virus from lions in the wild. BMC Genomics. 2008 Feb 5;9:66.
>> Free, full text article

Brown EW, Yuhki N, Packer C et al: A lion lentivirus related to feline immunodeficiency virus: epidemiologic and phylogenetic aspects, J Virol 68:5953, 1994.
>> PubMed Abstract

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
Join us on Facebook
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Roelke ME, Brown MA, Troyer JL et al: Pathological manifestations of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in wild African lions, Virology 390:1, 2009.

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), an important pathogen of domestic cats, also infects other members of the Felidae family, including African lions. Lions have FIV seroprevalence levels of 10% in some populations, and different strains of the virus are known to circulate in much of Africa. It has been unclear whether this virus causes any disease in infected lions, or if it is a host-adapted virus that causes no disease. This study investigated lions in Botswana and Tanzania to determine if there were any clinical correlates with FIV infection. Sixty-four lions in Botswana parks, and 8 lions from the Serengeti Park in Tanzania were sampled. Virtually all FIV-infected animals had gingivitis and poor oral health. Many had papillomatous lesions on the underside of the tongue. Infected lions also had evidence of chronic inflammation. Dehydration was also more common among infected lions, though the underlying cause was not known, as most lived in swamplands with ample water. Anemia was also found more often in infected lions, as was poor coat condition, and lymphoid depletion. The investigators concluded that over time, FIV infections in free-ranging lions can lead to adverse clinical, immunological, and pathological outcomes in some individuals, and could have a detrimental impact on their survival, particularly in times of stress. [MK]
>> PubMed Abstract

Related articles:
Pecon-Slattery J, McCracken CL, Troyer JL, VandeWoude S, Roelke M, Sondgeroth K, Winterbach C, Winterbach H, O'Brien SJ. Genomic organization, sequence divergence, and recombination of feline immunodeficiency virus from lions in the wild. BMC Genomics. 2008 Feb 5;9:66.
>> Free, full text article

Brown EW, Yuhki N, Packer C et al: A lion lentivirus related to feline immunodeficiency virus: epidemiologic and phylogenetic aspects, J Virol 68:5953, 1994.
>> PubMed Abstract

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
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