Oxidative Stress in Overweight Cats

Jeusette I., Salas A., et al. Increased urinary F2-isoprostane concentration as an indicator of oxidative stress in overweight cats. Intern J Appl Res Vet Med, 2009. 7(1-2):36-42.

Obesity is common in cats and can contribute to many health problems. These investigators examined the effects of body weight on the health status of cats, measuring several clinical parameters. Studies in humans and rats have shown that obesity is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Twenty overweight cats and seven lean cats were included in the study and all were healthy. Parameters measured were blood cholesterol, triacylglycerol (lipid), and inflammatory mediators (acute phase proteins). In addition, urinary isoprostane, another indicator of inflammation was assessed. While blood cholesterol and lipid levels did not significantly differ among the cats, urine F2-isoprostane levels were significantly higher in overweight cats. This component is an indicator of oxidative injury, and may play a role in disease development in overweight cats. The authors note that their study size was small, and did not include a control group. However, this preliminary work indicates that oxidative stress may have an impact on the health of overweight cats. [MK]
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Related articles:
Webb CB, Falkowski L. Oxidative stress and innate immunity in feline patients with diabetes mellitus: the role of nutrition. J Feline Med Surg. 2009 Apr;11(4):271-6.
>> PubMed Abstract

Webb CB, McCord KW, Twedt DC. Assessment of oxidative stress in leukocytes and granulocyte function following oral administration of a silibinin-phosphatidylcholine complex in cats. Am J Vet Res. 2009 Jan;70(1):57-62.
>> PubMed Abstract

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Jeusette I., Salas A., et al. Increased urinary F2-isoprostane concentration as an indicator of oxidative stress in overweight cats. Intern J Appl Res Vet Med, 2009. 7(1-2):36-42.

Obesity is common in cats and can contribute to many health problems. These investigators examined the effects of body weight on the health status of cats, measuring several clinical parameters. Studies in humans and rats have shown that obesity is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Twenty overweight cats and seven lean cats were included in the study and all were healthy. Parameters measured were blood cholesterol, triacylglycerol (lipid), and inflammatory mediators (acute phase proteins). In addition, urinary isoprostane, another indicator of inflammation was assessed. While blood cholesterol and lipid levels did not significantly differ among the cats, urine F2-isoprostane levels were significantly higher in overweight cats. This component is an indicator of oxidative injury, and may play a role in disease development in overweight cats. The authors note that their study size was small, and did not include a control group. However, this preliminary work indicates that oxidative stress may have an impact on the health of overweight cats. [MK]
>> Free full text article

Related articles:
Webb CB, Falkowski L. Oxidative stress and innate immunity in feline patients with diabetes mellitus: the role of nutrition. J Feline Med Surg. 2009 Apr;11(4):271-6.
>> PubMed Abstract

Webb CB, McCord KW, Twedt DC. Assessment of oxidative stress in leukocytes and granulocyte function following oral administration of a silibinin-phosphatidylcholine complex in cats. Am J Vet Res. 2009 Jan;70(1):57-62.
>> PubMed Abstract

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Recombinant PZI Insulin for Diabetic Cats

Nelson RW, Henley K, Cole C; the PZIR Clinical Study Group. Field safety and efficacy of protamine zinc recombinant human insulin for treatment of diabetes mellitus in cats. J Vet Intern Med. 2009 Jul;23(4):787-793.

This study was a prospective, uncontrolled clinical trial performed to evaluate the effects of protamine zinc recombinant human insulin (PZIR) on control of glycemia in cats with newly diagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. One hundred thirty-three cats were enrolled in the study, consisting of 120 newly diagnosed and 13 previously treated diabetics. Cats were treated twice daily with PZIR for 45 days. Control of glycemia was assessed on days 7, 14, 30, and 45 by evaluation of changes in water consumption, frequency of urination, appetite, and body weight, serum fructosamine concentration, and blood glucose concentrations determined 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 hours after administration of PZIR. Based on the criteria used to judge success of PZIR treatment, 113 (85%) of 133 diabetic cats, including 9 previously treated, poorly controlled diabetic cats, attained good diabetic control by day 45 of the study. Hypoglycemia (blood glucose nadir <80 mg/dL) was the only consistent problem with PZIR. The study cats also had a significant increase in mean body weight by the end of 45 days. Results of this study support using low dosages of insulin (0.22 U/kg) initially in newly diagnosed diabetic cats and adjusting the dosage of PZIR based on the response to treatment and results of blood glucose and serum fructosamine concentrations. The study supports the conclusion that PZIR is effective in controlling glycemia in diabetic cats and can be used as an initial treatment or as an alternative in poorly controlled diabetic cats that do not respond to treatment with other insulin preparations. [VT]
>> PubMed Abstract

Related articles:
Michiels L, Reusch CE, et al. Treatment of 46 cats with porcine lente insulin: a prospective, multicentre study. J Feline Med Surg. 2008 Oct;10(5):439-51.
>> PubMed Abstract

Martin GJ, Rand JS. Control of diabetes mellitus in cats with porcine insulin zinc suspension. Vet Rec. 2007 Jul 21;161(3):88-94.
>> PubMed Abstract

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
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Nelson RW, Henley K, Cole C; the PZIR Clinical Study Group. Field safety and efficacy of protamine zinc recombinant human insulin for treatment of diabetes mellitus in cats. J Vet Intern Med. 2009 Jul;23(4):787-793.

This study was a prospective, uncontrolled clinical trial performed to evaluate the effects of protamine zinc recombinant human insulin (PZIR) on control of glycemia in cats with newly diagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. One hundred thirty-three cats were enrolled in the study, consisting of 120 newly diagnosed and 13 previously treated diabetics. Cats were treated twice daily with PZIR for 45 days. Control of glycemia was assessed on days 7, 14, 30, and 45 by evaluation of changes in water consumption, frequency of urination, appetite, and body weight, serum fructosamine concentration, and blood glucose concentrations determined 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 hours after administration of PZIR. Based on the criteria used to judge success of PZIR treatment, 113 (85%) of 133 diabetic cats, including 9 previously treated, poorly controlled diabetic cats, attained good diabetic control by day 45 of the study. Hypoglycemia (blood glucose nadir <80 mg/dL) was the only consistent problem with PZIR. The study cats also had a significant increase in mean body weight by the end of 45 days. Results of this study support using low dosages of insulin (0.22 U/kg) initially in newly diagnosed diabetic cats and adjusting the dosage of PZIR based on the response to treatment and results of blood glucose and serum fructosamine concentrations. The study supports the conclusion that PZIR is effective in controlling glycemia in diabetic cats and can be used as an initial treatment or as an alternative in poorly controlled diabetic cats that do not respond to treatment with other insulin preparations. [VT]
>> PubMed Abstract

Related articles:
Michiels L, Reusch CE, et al. Treatment of 46 cats with porcine lente insulin: a prospective, multicentre study. J Feline Med Surg. 2008 Oct;10(5):439-51.
>> PubMed Abstract

Martin GJ, Rand JS. Control of diabetes mellitus in cats with porcine insulin zinc suspension. Vet Rec. 2007 Jul 21;161(3):88-94.
>> PubMed Abstract

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Feline Entropion

Williams, D and J.-Y. Kim. Feline entropion: a case series of 50 affected animals (2003-2008). Veterinary Ophthalmology, 2009. 12(4):221-226.

Entropion is the inward rolling of all or part of an eyelid. The cornea and conjunctiva are irritated by hairs on the eyelid causing problems from mild discomfort and tearing to chronic pain and eye injury. Entropion is more common in dogs than cats, but may be under-recognized in cats. In this study from the U.K., 50 cats with entropion were examined. About 1/3 of the cats had a mean age of 4 years, while the remainder of the cats were relatively older, with a mean age of 11 years. Among the younger cats, entropion was likely to be caused by a pre-existing irritative disorder, such as conjunctivitis or corneal ulceration. In the group of older cats, lid laxity or enophthalmos were more likely causes. Persian cats represented 10% and Maine Coons represented 6% of the study group. Among these cats, involutional entropion was likely caused by anatomic problems. All cats were treated surgically with a Hotz-Celsus procedure, and the results were evaluated from 4 to 22 weeks later. Surgical treatment was curative in the majority of cases. [SL]
>> PubMed Abstract

Related articles:
Read RA, Broun HC. Entropion correction in dogs and cats using a combination Hotz-Celsus and lateral eyelid wedge resection: results in 311 eyes. Vet Ophthalmol. 2007 Jan-Feb;10(1):6-11.
>> PubMed Abstract

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
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Williams, D and J.-Y. Kim. Feline entropion: a case series of 50 affected animals (2003-2008). Veterinary Ophthalmology, 2009. 12(4):221-226.

Entropion is the inward rolling of all or part of an eyelid. The cornea and conjunctiva are irritated by hairs on the eyelid causing problems from mild discomfort and tearing to chronic pain and eye injury. Entropion is more common in dogs than cats, but may be under-recognized in cats. In this study from the U.K., 50 cats with entropion were examined. About 1/3 of the cats had a mean age of 4 years, while the remainder of the cats were relatively older, with a mean age of 11 years. Among the younger cats, entropion was likely to be caused by a pre-existing irritative disorder, such as conjunctivitis or corneal ulceration. In the group of older cats, lid laxity or enophthalmos were more likely causes. Persian cats represented 10% and Maine Coons represented 6% of the study group. Among these cats, involutional entropion was likely caused by anatomic problems. All cats were treated surgically with a Hotz-Celsus procedure, and the results were evaluated from 4 to 22 weeks later. Surgical treatment was curative in the majority of cases. [SL]
>> PubMed Abstract

Related articles:
Read RA, Broun HC. Entropion correction in dogs and cats using a combination Hotz-Celsus and lateral eyelid wedge resection: results in 311 eyes. Vet Ophthalmol. 2007 Jan-Feb;10(1):6-11.
>> PubMed Abstract

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
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