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Friday, September 9, 2011

Trap-Neuter-Return


There have been few studies conducted to investigate the effects of neutering on free-roaming cat populations. This study observed over a one year period 184 free-roaming adult cats and 76 kittens living in 4 feeding groups in an urban area of Israel. Cats in two groups were subjected to the trap-neuter-return procedure (TNR) and the other two groups were left untreated. It was noted that the two neutered groups increased in size significantly because of higher immigration (cats moving into the groups) and lower emigration (cats moving away) rates than in the unneutered groups, in which the number decreased. It appears the neutered cats formed a stable feeding core, resulting from the decreased roaming and increased survival rates of cats after neutering. Sexually intact cats also immigrate into the neutered groups more readily. Kitten survival rates were significantly higher in the neutered groups. The study concluded in part that to maintain a high proportion of neutered cats in such cat groups, persistent TNR campaigns are considered necessary. [VT]

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More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
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There have been few studies conducted to investigate the effects of neutering on free-roaming cat populations. This study observed over a one year period 184 free-roaming adult cats and 76 kittens living in 4 feeding groups in an urban area of Israel. Cats in two groups were subjected to the trap-neuter-return procedure (TNR) and the other two groups were left untreated. It was noted that the two neutered groups increased in size significantly because of higher immigration (cats moving into the groups) and lower emigration (cats moving away) rates than in the unneutered groups, in which the number decreased. It appears the neutered cats formed a stable feeding core, resulting from the decreased roaming and increased survival rates of cats after neutering. Sexually intact cats also immigrate into the neutered groups more readily. Kitten survival rates were significantly higher in the neutered groups. The study concluded in part that to maintain a high proportion of neutered cats in such cat groups, persistent TNR campaigns are considered necessary. [VT]

Related articles:  

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
Join us on Facebook
Follow us on Twitter
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Wednesday, September 7, 2011

Kettlebell Exercises for Lower Back Pain


Overview

Lower back pain can hinder a person from performing daily tasks properly and without stress. Certain kettlebell exercises can help alleviate pain in the lower back by assisting posture and improving weak or tight muscles. Perform the kettlebell swing, the kettlebell Turkish get-up and the kettlebell snatch to decrease pain and assist these imbalances.

Kettlebell Swing

The kettlebell swing targets the hamstrings, the glutes and the muscles of the spine. Begin by standing with your feet hip-distance apart. Press your hips and glutes back with the kettlebell on the ground between your feet. Grab the kettlebell with a firm grip on both hands and lift it up to the front of your hips. When the kettlebell is at the top of the swing, your knees should be in line with your ankles. As the kettlebell comes down and returns back towards the floor, bend your hips and knees back.


Kettlebell Turkish Get-Up
The kettlebell Turkish get-up targets the muscles of the lower back, shoulders, neck and core. Begin by lying on the floor while holding the kettlebell over your head. By lifting with your abs and not swinging with your legs, slowly rise as you come to a full standing position. Return to lying back on the floor by keeping the kettlebell elevated above your head as you slowly lower yourself down to sitting, but consciously tuck your navel in toward your spine. Sit up tall and do not lean forward or slouch your shoulders.

Kettlebell Snatch

The kettlebell snatch is an explosive movement that elevates the heart rate and requires tall posture to strengthen the muscles of the spine. Begin with your feet turned away from each other slightly wider than hip-width apart. With the kettlebell placed between your legs, grasp it with one hand and lift it above your head using the muscles in your legs while jumping both feet off the ground. Press your chest forward and not down toward the floor to ensure proper posture. Slowly control the kettlebell down as you press your glutes behind you into a squatting position. Repeat this movement with the kettlebell in your opposite hand.

Tips

When you begin these exercises, do not focus on how many repetitions you perform. Focus on controlling the kettlebell and having the correct form. Do as many as you feel comfortable to start and after you master the technique you can try to add repetitions. Always bend your knees when lifting the kettlebell off the floor. Always keep your wrists neutral during these exercises. Check with your doctor before you try working with the kettlebell.

Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/534630-kettlebell-exercises-for-lower-back-pain/#ixzz1XGTqEREd



About this Author

Angela Raizis was a writer and editor for the "HMSLS Happenings" newsletter. She is a certified personal trainer through the National Exercise Trainers Association, as well as a certified instructor of Zumba, Drums Alive, Yoga-Pilates Blend and kickboxing. With a Master of Education in physical education from Bowling Green State University, Raizis now serves as the fitness director for a Texas country club.


Overview

Lower back pain can hinder a person from performing daily tasks properly and without stress. Certain kettlebell exercises can help alleviate pain in the lower back by assisting posture and improving weak or tight muscles. Perform the kettlebell swing, the kettlebell Turkish get-up and the kettlebell snatch to decrease pain and assist these imbalances.

Kettlebell Swing

The kettlebell swing targets the hamstrings, the glutes and the muscles of the spine. Begin by standing with your feet hip-distance apart. Press your hips and glutes back with the kettlebell on the ground between your feet. Grab the kettlebell with a firm grip on both hands and lift it up to the front of your hips. When the kettlebell is at the top of the swing, your knees should be in line with your ankles. As the kettlebell comes down and returns back towards the floor, bend your hips and knees back.


Kettlebell Turkish Get-Up
The kettlebell Turkish get-up targets the muscles of the lower back, shoulders, neck and core. Begin by lying on the floor while holding the kettlebell over your head. By lifting with your abs and not swinging with your legs, slowly rise as you come to a full standing position. Return to lying back on the floor by keeping the kettlebell elevated above your head as you slowly lower yourself down to sitting, but consciously tuck your navel in toward your spine. Sit up tall and do not lean forward or slouch your shoulders.

Kettlebell Snatch

The kettlebell snatch is an explosive movement that elevates the heart rate and requires tall posture to strengthen the muscles of the spine. Begin with your feet turned away from each other slightly wider than hip-width apart. With the kettlebell placed between your legs, grasp it with one hand and lift it above your head using the muscles in your legs while jumping both feet off the ground. Press your chest forward and not down toward the floor to ensure proper posture. Slowly control the kettlebell down as you press your glutes behind you into a squatting position. Repeat this movement with the kettlebell in your opposite hand.

Tips

When you begin these exercises, do not focus on how many repetitions you perform. Focus on controlling the kettlebell and having the correct form. Do as many as you feel comfortable to start and after you master the technique you can try to add repetitions. Always bend your knees when lifting the kettlebell off the floor. Always keep your wrists neutral during these exercises. Check with your doctor before you try working with the kettlebell.

Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/534630-kettlebell-exercises-for-lower-back-pain/#ixzz1XGTqEREd



About this Author

Angela Raizis was a writer and editor for the "HMSLS Happenings" newsletter. She is a certified personal trainer through the National Exercise Trainers Association, as well as a certified instructor of Zumba, Drums Alive, Yoga-Pilates Blend and kickboxing. With a Master of Education in physical education from Bowling Green State University, Raizis now serves as the fitness director for a Texas country club.

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Tuesday, September 6, 2011

MRSA in Cats


Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant health concern in people. Little is known about carriage of these bacteria in companion animals. The investigators tested healthy as well as ill animals at various animal facilities in the greater London area for MRSA. Out of nearly 1700 animals tested, including 540 cats, only 26 animals were found to be colonized with MRSA; of these, 8 were cats. In evaluating risk factors among animals for carriage of MRSA, the investigators found that it is rare among companion animals. They also concluded that animals from which MRSA can be cultured are likely contaminated from their human companions, and do not serve as reservoirs for the bacteria. [MK]

Related articles:  

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
Join us on Facebook
Follow us on Twitter

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant health concern in people. Little is known about carriage of these bacteria in companion animals. The investigators tested healthy as well as ill animals at various animal facilities in the greater London area for MRSA. Out of nearly 1700 animals tested, including 540 cats, only 26 animals were found to be colonized with MRSA; of these, 8 were cats. In evaluating risk factors among animals for carriage of MRSA, the investigators found that it is rare among companion animals. They also concluded that animals from which MRSA can be cultured are likely contaminated from their human companions, and do not serve as reservoirs for the bacteria. [MK]

Related articles:  

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
Join us on Facebook
Follow us on Twitter
Read More


Friday, September 2, 2011

The Hazards of Hospitals


Created by: Medical Billing and Coding
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Results of medication studies in top medical journals may be misleading to readers

By Enrique Rivero
erivero@mednet.ucla.edu
UCLA-Harvard study highlights 3 types of confusing outcome measures
Studies about medications published in the most influential medical journals are frequently designed in a way that yields misleading or confusing results, new research suggests.
Investigators from the medical schools at UCLA and Harvard analyzed all the randomized medication trials published in the six highest-impact general medicine journals between June 1, 2008, and Sept. 30, 2010, to determine the prevalence of three types of outcome measures that make data interpretation difficult.

In addition, they reviewed each study's abstract to determine the percentage that reported results using relative rather than absolute numbers, which can also be a misleading.

The findings are published online in the Journal of General Internal Medicine.

The six journals examined by the investigators— the New England Journal of Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association, The Lancet, the Annals of Internal Medicine, the British Medical Journal and the Archives of Internal Medicine — included studies that used the following types of outcome measures, which have received increasing criticism from scientific experts:


Surrogate outcomes (37 percent of studies), which refer to intermediate markers, such as a heart medication's ability to lower blood pressure, but which may not be a good indicator of the medication's impact on more important clinical outcomes, like heart attacks.

Composite outcomes (34 percent), which consist of multiple individual outcomes of unequal importance lumped together — such as hospitalizations and mortality — making it difficult to understand the effects on each outcome individually.

Disease-specific mortality (27 percent), which measures deaths from a specific cause rather than from any cause; this may be a misleading measure because, even if a given treatment reduces one type of death, it could increase the risk of dying from another cause, to an equal or greater extent.

"Patients and doctors care less about whether a medication lowers blood pressure than they do about whether it prevents heart attacks and strokes or decreases the risk of premature death," said the study's lead author, Dr. Michael Hochman, a fellow in the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA's division of general internal medicine and health services research, and at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs' Los Angeles Medical Center.

"Knowing the effects of a medication on blood pressure does not always tell you what the effect will be on the things that are really important, like heart attacks or strokes," Hochman said. "Similarly, patients don't care if a medication prevents deaths from heart disease if it leads to an equivalent increase in deaths from cancer."

Dr. Danny McCormick, the study's senior author and a physician at the Cambridge Health Alliance and Harvard Medical School, added: "Patients also want to know, in as much detail as possible, what the effects of a treatment are, and this can be difficult when multiple outcomes of unequal importance are lumped together."

The authors also found that trials that used surrogate outcomes and disease-specific mortality were more likely to be exclusively commercially funded — for instance, by a pharmaceutical company.
While 45 percent of exclusively commercially funded trials used surrogate endpoints, only 29 percent of trials receiving non-commercial funding did. And while 39 percent of exclusively commercially funded trials used disease-specific mortality, only 16 percent of trials receiving non-commercial funding did.
The researchers suggest that commercial sponsors of research may promote the use of outcomes that are most likely to indicate favorable results for their products, Hochman said.

"For example, it may be easier to show that a commercial product has a beneficial effect on a surrogate marker like blood pressure than on a hard outcome like heart attacks," he said. "In fact, studies in our analysis using surrogate outcomes were more likely to report positive results than those using hard outcomes like heart attacks."

The new study also shows that 44 percent of study abstracts reported study results exclusively in relative — rather than absolute — numbers, which can be misleading.

"The way in which study results are presented is critical," McCormick said. "It's one thing to say a medication lowers your risk of heart attacks from two-in-a-million to one-in-a-million, and something completely different to say a medication lowers your risk of heart attacks by 50 percent. Both ways of presenting the data are technically correct, but the second way, using relative numbers, could be misleading."

Still, the authors acknowledge that the use of surrogate and composite outcomes and disease-specific mortality is appropriate in some cases. For example, these outcomes may be preferable in early-phase studies in which researchers hope to quickly determine whether a new treatment has the potential to help patients.

To remedy the problems identified by their analysis, Hochman and McCormick believe that studies should report results in absolute numbers, either instead of or in addition to relative numbers, and that committees overseeing research studies should closely scrutinize study outcomes to ensure that lower-quality outcomes, like surrogate makers, are only used in appropriate circumstances.
"Finally, medical journals should ensure that authors clearly indicate the limitations of lower-quality endpoints when they are used — something that does not always occur," McCormick said.

About Dr Kevin LauDr Kevin Lau DC is the founder of Health In Your Hands, a series of tools for Scoliosis prevention and treatment. The set includes his book Your Plan for Natural Scoliosis Prevention and Treatment, a companion Scoliosis Exercises for Prevention and Correction DVD and the innovative new iPhone application ScolioTrack. Dr Kevin Lau D.C. is a graduate in Doctor of Chiropractic from RMIT University in Melbourne Australia and Masters in Holistic Nutrition from Clayton College of Natural Health in USA. In 2006 I was awarded the "Best Health-care Provider Awards" by the largest Newspaper publication in Singapore on October 18 2006 as well as being interviewed on Primetime Channel News Asia as well as other TV and Radio. For more information on Dr Kevin Lau, watch his interviews or get a free sneak peek of his book, go to: http://www.hiyh.info.
By Enrique Rivero
erivero@mednet.ucla.edu
UCLA-Harvard study highlights 3 types of confusing outcome measures
Studies about medications published in the most influential medical journals are frequently designed in a way that yields misleading or confusing results, new research suggests.
Investigators from the medical schools at UCLA and Harvard analyzed all the randomized medication trials published in the six highest-impact general medicine journals between June 1, 2008, and Sept. 30, 2010, to determine the prevalence of three types of outcome measures that make data interpretation difficult.

In addition, they reviewed each study's abstract to determine the percentage that reported results using relative rather than absolute numbers, which can also be a misleading.

The findings are published online in the Journal of General Internal Medicine.

The six journals examined by the investigators— the New England Journal of Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association, The Lancet, the Annals of Internal Medicine, the British Medical Journal and the Archives of Internal Medicine — included studies that used the following types of outcome measures, which have received increasing criticism from scientific experts:


Surrogate outcomes (37 percent of studies), which refer to intermediate markers, such as a heart medication's ability to lower blood pressure, but which may not be a good indicator of the medication's impact on more important clinical outcomes, like heart attacks.

Composite outcomes (34 percent), which consist of multiple individual outcomes of unequal importance lumped together — such as hospitalizations and mortality — making it difficult to understand the effects on each outcome individually.

Disease-specific mortality (27 percent), which measures deaths from a specific cause rather than from any cause; this may be a misleading measure because, even if a given treatment reduces one type of death, it could increase the risk of dying from another cause, to an equal or greater extent.

"Patients and doctors care less about whether a medication lowers blood pressure than they do about whether it prevents heart attacks and strokes or decreases the risk of premature death," said the study's lead author, Dr. Michael Hochman, a fellow in the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA's division of general internal medicine and health services research, and at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs' Los Angeles Medical Center.

"Knowing the effects of a medication on blood pressure does not always tell you what the effect will be on the things that are really important, like heart attacks or strokes," Hochman said. "Similarly, patients don't care if a medication prevents deaths from heart disease if it leads to an equivalent increase in deaths from cancer."

Dr. Danny McCormick, the study's senior author and a physician at the Cambridge Health Alliance and Harvard Medical School, added: "Patients also want to know, in as much detail as possible, what the effects of a treatment are, and this can be difficult when multiple outcomes of unequal importance are lumped together."

The authors also found that trials that used surrogate outcomes and disease-specific mortality were more likely to be exclusively commercially funded — for instance, by a pharmaceutical company.
While 45 percent of exclusively commercially funded trials used surrogate endpoints, only 29 percent of trials receiving non-commercial funding did. And while 39 percent of exclusively commercially funded trials used disease-specific mortality, only 16 percent of trials receiving non-commercial funding did.
The researchers suggest that commercial sponsors of research may promote the use of outcomes that are most likely to indicate favorable results for their products, Hochman said.

"For example, it may be easier to show that a commercial product has a beneficial effect on a surrogate marker like blood pressure than on a hard outcome like heart attacks," he said. "In fact, studies in our analysis using surrogate outcomes were more likely to report positive results than those using hard outcomes like heart attacks."

The new study also shows that 44 percent of study abstracts reported study results exclusively in relative — rather than absolute — numbers, which can be misleading.

"The way in which study results are presented is critical," McCormick said. "It's one thing to say a medication lowers your risk of heart attacks from two-in-a-million to one-in-a-million, and something completely different to say a medication lowers your risk of heart attacks by 50 percent. Both ways of presenting the data are technically correct, but the second way, using relative numbers, could be misleading."

Still, the authors acknowledge that the use of surrogate and composite outcomes and disease-specific mortality is appropriate in some cases. For example, these outcomes may be preferable in early-phase studies in which researchers hope to quickly determine whether a new treatment has the potential to help patients.

To remedy the problems identified by their analysis, Hochman and McCormick believe that studies should report results in absolute numbers, either instead of or in addition to relative numbers, and that committees overseeing research studies should closely scrutinize study outcomes to ensure that lower-quality outcomes, like surrogate makers, are only used in appropriate circumstances.
"Finally, medical journals should ensure that authors clearly indicate the limitations of lower-quality endpoints when they are used — something that does not always occur," McCormick said.

About Dr Kevin LauDr Kevin Lau DC is the founder of Health In Your Hands, a series of tools for Scoliosis prevention and treatment. The set includes his book Your Plan for Natural Scoliosis Prevention and Treatment, a companion Scoliosis Exercises for Prevention and Correction DVD and the innovative new iPhone application ScolioTrack. Dr Kevin Lau D.C. is a graduate in Doctor of Chiropractic from RMIT University in Melbourne Australia and Masters in Holistic Nutrition from Clayton College of Natural Health in USA. In 2006 I was awarded the "Best Health-care Provider Awards" by the largest Newspaper publication in Singapore on October 18 2006 as well as being interviewed on Primetime Channel News Asia as well as other TV and Radio. For more information on Dr Kevin Lau, watch his interviews or get a free sneak peek of his book, go to: http://www.hiyh.info.
Read More


Half of Americans sip sugary drinks daily


By Madison Park, CNN
August 31, 2011 -- Updated 1747 GMT (0147 HKT)

(CNN) -- When it was first invented, soda pop was a treat most people had once in a while for special occasions.
Now it's a daily fixture in American life -- in bright containers glowing inside vending machines, chugged from 32-ounce bucket-like containers at self-service stations and served as the default beverage in fast-food meals.

In today's carbonation nation, half of the U.S. population over age 2 consumes sugary drinks daily, according to a report released by National Center for Health Statistics.

The sugary drinks include sodas, sweetened waters, and energy, sports and fruit beverages. Not included in the total were diet drinks, 100% fruit juices, sweetened teas and flavored milk. The report states that sugary drinks have been linked to "poor diet quality, weight gain, obesity, and in adults, type 2 diabetes."

Male teens are the most frequent consumers and guzzle about 252 to 273 calories every day from various drinks, the report says. Their one-day consumption is more than half the weekly intake suggested by the American Heart Association, which recommends no more than three 12-ounce cans of soda in one week (equivalent to 450 calories).

The consumption of such sugary drinks has increased over the last 30 years, the report stated.
A 2003 study published in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association found that soda drinking for youths between the ages of 6 and 17 was at 37% in the 1970s and then 56% in the 1990s. This latest research from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests that from 2005 to 2008, consumption increased again.

"If you look at male children, 70% consume on a given day," said lead author Cynthia Ogden, a CDC epidemiologist who specializes in obesity.

The analysis was based on 17,000 participants who were asked to recall what they ate in the last 24 hours in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

The American Beverage Association denied that its products fueled obesity: "Contrary to what may be implied ... sugar-sweetened beverages are not driving health issues like obesity and diabetes."

It pointed to market data indicating that the calories in beverages decreased by 21% from 1998 to 2008, while obesity rates climbed. It also stated that sugar-sweetened beverages account for 7% of calories in the average American diet.

"That means Americans get 93 percent of their calories from other foods and beverages," the group stated.

The latest CDC research released Wednesday also found similar results: Kids and teens get about 6.7% to 8.2% of their daily caloric intake from the beverages, and adults get about 5% to 8%.
But the extra calories from drinks could add several pounds every year, said Marisa Moore, a nutritionist.

"A lot of times, people don't think of beverages as part of their daily total calories," she said. "When I think about soda drinking -- in general, it provides empty calories. It takes the place of more nutritious options."
She suggested alternatives like water, sparkling water, tea and skim milk.

The CDC's report found major differences in soda consumption depending on race, sex and income level.

In every age category, males consumed more sugary drinks than females. This could be because males consume more calories than females, Ogden said.

In terms of race, black children got about 8.5% of their total daily calories from sugary drinks, compared with 8.2% for Mexican-American and 7.7% for white children. Black adults received 8.6% of their daily calories from sugary drinks, and the figure was 8.2% for Mexican-Americans and 5.3% for whites.

There was also a direct association between income level and sugary beverage consumption. Adults living in a family of four earning approximately $29,000 per year got 8.8% of their daily calories from sugary drinks, compared with 4.4% for those who earned about $77,000.

Last year, New York attempted to end subsidizing the purchase of sodas in the food stamps program, saying the benefits were used to fuel a serious public health problem. But this month, the U.S. Department of Agriculture rejected the city's proposal, citing agency concerns that "the scale and scope" of banning soda would be "too large and complex."

The Big Apple has actively campaigned for soda reduction with a stomach-churning ad that likened drinking soda to chugging dollops of fat.

The recent CDC report also found that while half of the population doesn't drink sugary beverages, about 25% consumes amounts of the drinks that total fewer than 200 calories per day. About 5% drink about 567 calories on any given day, which amounts to more than four 12-ounce cans of cola.

Sugary drinks became ingrained in American daily life because of effective ad campaigns, fast-food restaurants and increased serving sizes, said Michael Jacobson, executive director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest. But the tides are turning, he said.

The group announced a campaign Wednesday called Life's Sweeter to nationally organize civic associations, minority groups and religious communities to reduce soda consumption.

"There's pretty much a consensus among health officials that soft drinks are a major cause of obesity," Jacobson said.
Boston's government buildings have banned soda, several public school systems have kicked them out of their campuses, and the Cleveland Clinic has stopped selling the beverages in its hospitals.

"There's a real movement in that direction, and the soda industry recognizes this and is diversifying away from traditional carbonated drinks to bottled water and noncarbonated things like energy drinks and sports drinks," Jacobson said. "The soft drink industry is very nervous and will diversify to maintain their profits."

While energy drinks and sports drinks may have fewer calories and less sugar, they enjoy health halos that are not warranted, he said.

Pediatricians: No energy drinks for kids; greatly limit use of sports drinks
Dr. Sandeep Gupta, director of the Pediatric Overweight Education and Research Program at Indiana University Health, said it's easy to be misled by drink labels.

"Many times, they don't know," he said about his pediatric patients who guzzle sugar-sweetened beverages with labels touting vitamins and antioxidants. "The marketing is so skewed. 'Get your 100% vitamin C, juice.' They don't tell you how much sugar is there. Look at the back, not the front of the package."


About Dr Kevin Lau
Dr Kevin Lau DC is the founder of Health In Your Hands, a series of tools for Scoliosis prevention and treatment. The set includes his book Your Plan for Natural Scoliosis Prevention and Treatment, a companion Scoliosis Exercises for Prevention and Correction DVD and the innovative new iPhone application ScolioTrack. Dr Kevin Lau D.C. is a graduate in Doctor of Chiropractic from RMIT University in Melbourne Australia and Masters in Holistic Nutrition from Clayton College of Natural Health in USA. In 2006 I was awarded the "Best Health-care Provider Awards" by the largest Newspaper publication in Singapore on October 18 2006 as well as being interviewed on Primetime Channel News Asia as well as other TV and Radio. For more information on Dr Kevin Lau, watch his interviews or get a free sneak peek of his book, go to: http://www.hiyh.info.

By Madison Park, CNN
August 31, 2011 -- Updated 1747 GMT (0147 HKT)

(CNN) -- When it was first invented, soda pop was a treat most people had once in a while for special occasions.
Now it's a daily fixture in American life -- in bright containers glowing inside vending machines, chugged from 32-ounce bucket-like containers at self-service stations and served as the default beverage in fast-food meals.

In today's carbonation nation, half of the U.S. population over age 2 consumes sugary drinks daily, according to a report released by National Center for Health Statistics.

The sugary drinks include sodas, sweetened waters, and energy, sports and fruit beverages. Not included in the total were diet drinks, 100% fruit juices, sweetened teas and flavored milk. The report states that sugary drinks have been linked to "poor diet quality, weight gain, obesity, and in adults, type 2 diabetes."

Male teens are the most frequent consumers and guzzle about 252 to 273 calories every day from various drinks, the report says. Their one-day consumption is more than half the weekly intake suggested by the American Heart Association, which recommends no more than three 12-ounce cans of soda in one week (equivalent to 450 calories).

The consumption of such sugary drinks has increased over the last 30 years, the report stated.
A 2003 study published in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association found that soda drinking for youths between the ages of 6 and 17 was at 37% in the 1970s and then 56% in the 1990s. This latest research from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests that from 2005 to 2008, consumption increased again.

"If you look at male children, 70% consume on a given day," said lead author Cynthia Ogden, a CDC epidemiologist who specializes in obesity.

The analysis was based on 17,000 participants who were asked to recall what they ate in the last 24 hours in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

The American Beverage Association denied that its products fueled obesity: "Contrary to what may be implied ... sugar-sweetened beverages are not driving health issues like obesity and diabetes."

It pointed to market data indicating that the calories in beverages decreased by 21% from 1998 to 2008, while obesity rates climbed. It also stated that sugar-sweetened beverages account for 7% of calories in the average American diet.

"That means Americans get 93 percent of their calories from other foods and beverages," the group stated.

The latest CDC research released Wednesday also found similar results: Kids and teens get about 6.7% to 8.2% of their daily caloric intake from the beverages, and adults get about 5% to 8%.
But the extra calories from drinks could add several pounds every year, said Marisa Moore, a nutritionist.

"A lot of times, people don't think of beverages as part of their daily total calories," she said. "When I think about soda drinking -- in general, it provides empty calories. It takes the place of more nutritious options."
She suggested alternatives like water, sparkling water, tea and skim milk.

The CDC's report found major differences in soda consumption depending on race, sex and income level.

In every age category, males consumed more sugary drinks than females. This could be because males consume more calories than females, Ogden said.

In terms of race, black children got about 8.5% of their total daily calories from sugary drinks, compared with 8.2% for Mexican-American and 7.7% for white children. Black adults received 8.6% of their daily calories from sugary drinks, and the figure was 8.2% for Mexican-Americans and 5.3% for whites.

There was also a direct association between income level and sugary beverage consumption. Adults living in a family of four earning approximately $29,000 per year got 8.8% of their daily calories from sugary drinks, compared with 4.4% for those who earned about $77,000.

Last year, New York attempted to end subsidizing the purchase of sodas in the food stamps program, saying the benefits were used to fuel a serious public health problem. But this month, the U.S. Department of Agriculture rejected the city's proposal, citing agency concerns that "the scale and scope" of banning soda would be "too large and complex."

The Big Apple has actively campaigned for soda reduction with a stomach-churning ad that likened drinking soda to chugging dollops of fat.

The recent CDC report also found that while half of the population doesn't drink sugary beverages, about 25% consumes amounts of the drinks that total fewer than 200 calories per day. About 5% drink about 567 calories on any given day, which amounts to more than four 12-ounce cans of cola.

Sugary drinks became ingrained in American daily life because of effective ad campaigns, fast-food restaurants and increased serving sizes, said Michael Jacobson, executive director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest. But the tides are turning, he said.

The group announced a campaign Wednesday called Life's Sweeter to nationally organize civic associations, minority groups and religious communities to reduce soda consumption.

"There's pretty much a consensus among health officials that soft drinks are a major cause of obesity," Jacobson said.
Boston's government buildings have banned soda, several public school systems have kicked them out of their campuses, and the Cleveland Clinic has stopped selling the beverages in its hospitals.

"There's a real movement in that direction, and the soda industry recognizes this and is diversifying away from traditional carbonated drinks to bottled water and noncarbonated things like energy drinks and sports drinks," Jacobson said. "The soft drink industry is very nervous and will diversify to maintain their profits."

While energy drinks and sports drinks may have fewer calories and less sugar, they enjoy health halos that are not warranted, he said.

Pediatricians: No energy drinks for kids; greatly limit use of sports drinks
Dr. Sandeep Gupta, director of the Pediatric Overweight Education and Research Program at Indiana University Health, said it's easy to be misled by drink labels.

"Many times, they don't know," he said about his pediatric patients who guzzle sugar-sweetened beverages with labels touting vitamins and antioxidants. "The marketing is so skewed. 'Get your 100% vitamin C, juice.' They don't tell you how much sugar is there. Look at the back, not the front of the package."


About Dr Kevin Lau
Dr Kevin Lau DC is the founder of Health In Your Hands, a series of tools for Scoliosis prevention and treatment. The set includes his book Your Plan for Natural Scoliosis Prevention and Treatment, a companion Scoliosis Exercises for Prevention and Correction DVD and the innovative new iPhone application ScolioTrack. Dr Kevin Lau D.C. is a graduate in Doctor of Chiropractic from RMIT University in Melbourne Australia and Masters in Holistic Nutrition from Clayton College of Natural Health in USA. In 2006 I was awarded the "Best Health-care Provider Awards" by the largest Newspaper publication in Singapore on October 18 2006 as well as being interviewed on Primetime Channel News Asia as well as other TV and Radio. For more information on Dr Kevin Lau, watch his interviews or get a free sneak peek of his book, go to: http://www.hiyh.info.
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Belly bacteria boss the brain


 






By Tina Hesman Saey


Friendly intestinal bacteria not only keep the gut happy, they may help keep their host happy, too, a new study in mice finds.


Mice fed broth fortified with a type of friendly intestinal bacteria called Lactobacillus rhamnosus behaved less anxiously than mice fed broth without bacteria. Those behavior changes were accompanied by differences in levels of a brain-chemical sensor and stress hormones.

The bacteria telegraph these brain-chemical and behavior-changing messages via the vagus nerve, which connects the brain stem to various internal organs, researchers report online August 29 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Some studies have suggested that changing the mix of bacteria in the intestines could influence behavior (SN: 6/18/11, p. 26). The new research goes a step further to investigate how those changes come about, says Paul Patterson, a neuroimmunologist at Caltech in Pasadena, Calif. “Most people haven’t gone that far to look at what’s happening in the brain,” he says.

The research team — led by John Bienenstock of McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada, and John Cryan of the University College Cork in Ireland — looked at the mice’s brains to examine levels of the GABA receptor, a protein that senses and responds to an important brain chemical messenger called GABA. Alterations in the way GABA and other brain chemical systems work influence behavior. Mice fed bacteria-containing broth had higher levels of the receptor protein in some parts of the brain and lower levels in other parts than did mice fed sterile broth.



Mice usually stay close to walls, but ones that consumed the bacterium spent more time in open spaces in a special maze — a measure that tells scientists the mice are less anxious than usual. The researchers also gave the mice a stress test by forcing the animals to swim in a water tank. Stressed mice that had eatenLactobacillus rhamnosus had lower levels of stress hormones than did mice that ate broth alone.

When the scientists severed the vagus nerve, the mice no longer had altered levels of the GABA receptor and didn’t exhibit behavior differences, indicating that nerve is probably the major route gut bacteria use to transmit information to the brain.

The vagus nerve “is the obvious route, but that’s not to say it’s the only route,” says Bienenstock. Messages may also be transmitted through other nerves or through chemicals in the blood. The researchers still don’t know what sort of message the bacteria send to the brain or whether bacterial supplements can make a difference in regulating people’s behavior.

Some researchers have proposed, based on experiments in mice, that gut bacteria could play a role in a wide variety of brain and psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety, autism and schizophrenia.

But, “one has to be cautious. This is exciting science in rodents, but you can’t just extrapolate to humans,” says Emeran Mayer, a gastroenterologist and neuroscientist at UCLA’s Center for Neurobiology of Stress who was not involved in the new study.

Drug and food companies that make probiotics — beneficial bacteria taken in a pill or eaten in food such as yogurt — hope the products can help relieve depression, improve weight loss and cure other conditions, but there is little evidence in people that probiotics can accomplish those goals, Mayer says.

“It’s almost like science fiction; you can imagine the most amazing things because so little is known about it,” he says. But, “So far there’s really no evidence that probiotics affect emotions in humans.”



About Dr Kevin Lau
Dr Kevin Lau DC is the founder of Health In Your Hands, a series of tools for Scoliosis prevention and treatment. The set includes his book Your Plan for Natural Scoliosis Prevention and Treatment, a companion Scoliosis Exercises for Prevention and Correction DVD and the innovative new iPhone application ScolioTrack. Dr Kevin Lau D.C. is a graduate in Doctor of Chiropractic from RMIT University in Melbourne Australia and Masters in Holistic Nutrition from Clayton College of Natural Health in USA. In 2006 I was awarded the "Best Health-care Provider Awards" by the largest Newspaper publication in Singapore on October 18 2006 as well as being interviewed on Primetime Channel News Asia as well as other TV and Radio. For more information on Dr Kevin Lau, watch his interviews or get a free sneak peek of his book, go to: http://www.hiyh.info.

 






By Tina Hesman Saey


Friendly intestinal bacteria not only keep the gut happy, they may help keep their host happy, too, a new study in mice finds.


Mice fed broth fortified with a type of friendly intestinal bacteria called Lactobacillus rhamnosus behaved less anxiously than mice fed broth without bacteria. Those behavior changes were accompanied by differences in levels of a brain-chemical sensor and stress hormones.

The bacteria telegraph these brain-chemical and behavior-changing messages via the vagus nerve, which connects the brain stem to various internal organs, researchers report online August 29 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Some studies have suggested that changing the mix of bacteria in the intestines could influence behavior (SN: 6/18/11, p. 26). The new research goes a step further to investigate how those changes come about, says Paul Patterson, a neuroimmunologist at Caltech in Pasadena, Calif. “Most people haven’t gone that far to look at what’s happening in the brain,” he says.

The research team — led by John Bienenstock of McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada, and John Cryan of the University College Cork in Ireland — looked at the mice’s brains to examine levels of the GABA receptor, a protein that senses and responds to an important brain chemical messenger called GABA. Alterations in the way GABA and other brain chemical systems work influence behavior. Mice fed bacteria-containing broth had higher levels of the receptor protein in some parts of the brain and lower levels in other parts than did mice fed sterile broth.



Mice usually stay close to walls, but ones that consumed the bacterium spent more time in open spaces in a special maze — a measure that tells scientists the mice are less anxious than usual. The researchers also gave the mice a stress test by forcing the animals to swim in a water tank. Stressed mice that had eatenLactobacillus rhamnosus had lower levels of stress hormones than did mice that ate broth alone.

When the scientists severed the vagus nerve, the mice no longer had altered levels of the GABA receptor and didn’t exhibit behavior differences, indicating that nerve is probably the major route gut bacteria use to transmit information to the brain.

The vagus nerve “is the obvious route, but that’s not to say it’s the only route,” says Bienenstock. Messages may also be transmitted through other nerves or through chemicals in the blood. The researchers still don’t know what sort of message the bacteria send to the brain or whether bacterial supplements can make a difference in regulating people’s behavior.

Some researchers have proposed, based on experiments in mice, that gut bacteria could play a role in a wide variety of brain and psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety, autism and schizophrenia.

But, “one has to be cautious. This is exciting science in rodents, but you can’t just extrapolate to humans,” says Emeran Mayer, a gastroenterologist and neuroscientist at UCLA’s Center for Neurobiology of Stress who was not involved in the new study.

Drug and food companies that make probiotics — beneficial bacteria taken in a pill or eaten in food such as yogurt — hope the products can help relieve depression, improve weight loss and cure other conditions, but there is little evidence in people that probiotics can accomplish those goals, Mayer says.

“It’s almost like science fiction; you can imagine the most amazing things because so little is known about it,” he says. But, “So far there’s really no evidence that probiotics affect emotions in humans.”



About Dr Kevin Lau
Dr Kevin Lau DC is the founder of Health In Your Hands, a series of tools for Scoliosis prevention and treatment. The set includes his book Your Plan for Natural Scoliosis Prevention and Treatment, a companion Scoliosis Exercises for Prevention and Correction DVD and the innovative new iPhone application ScolioTrack. Dr Kevin Lau D.C. is a graduate in Doctor of Chiropractic from RMIT University in Melbourne Australia and Masters in Holistic Nutrition from Clayton College of Natural Health in USA. In 2006 I was awarded the "Best Health-care Provider Awards" by the largest Newspaper publication in Singapore on October 18 2006 as well as being interviewed on Primetime Channel News Asia as well as other TV and Radio. For more information on Dr Kevin Lau, watch his interviews or get a free sneak peek of his book, go to: http://www.hiyh.info.
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