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Tuesday, June 7, 2011

Treatment of Acute Kidney Injuries


Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) is a process used in managing acute kidney injury that is refractory to fluid therapy. PD utilizes the peritoneum as a semipermeable membrane in order to move solutes and water between blood in the peritoneal capillaries and fluid (dialysate) instilled in the peritoneal cavity. This study of the medical records of 22 cats with acute kidney injury examined the indications, effectiveness, outcomes, and complications associated with use of PD in the affected cats. Indications for peritoneal dialysis include acute-on-chronic- kidney injury, acute kidney injury caused by toxins, bilateral ureteroliths, bilateral ureteral ligation as a complication of ovariohysterectomy, and unknown causes. For all cats on PD, the median survival time was 4 days, though the median survival time for cats discharged from the hospital was 774 days. Dialysate retention and sequestration of dialysate under the skin were the most common complications noted. Results found a significant decrease between the pre-and post-dialysis results for blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, potassium, phosphorus, total protein, and albumin concentrations. PD could be used as an effective option for treatment in cats with acute kidney injury that is refractory to fluid therapy.  [VT]

Related articles:
Cooper RL, Labato MA: Peritoneal dialysis in veterinary medicine, Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 41:91, 2011.

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
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Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) is a process used in managing acute kidney injury that is refractory to fluid therapy. PD utilizes the peritoneum as a semipermeable membrane in order to move solutes and water between blood in the peritoneal capillaries and fluid (dialysate) instilled in the peritoneal cavity. This study of the medical records of 22 cats with acute kidney injury examined the indications, effectiveness, outcomes, and complications associated with use of PD in the affected cats. Indications for peritoneal dialysis include acute-on-chronic- kidney injury, acute kidney injury caused by toxins, bilateral ureteroliths, bilateral ureteral ligation as a complication of ovariohysterectomy, and unknown causes. For all cats on PD, the median survival time was 4 days, though the median survival time for cats discharged from the hospital was 774 days. Dialysate retention and sequestration of dialysate under the skin were the most common complications noted. Results found a significant decrease between the pre-and post-dialysis results for blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, potassium, phosphorus, total protein, and albumin concentrations. PD could be used as an effective option for treatment in cats with acute kidney injury that is refractory to fluid therapy.  [VT]

Related articles:
Cooper RL, Labato MA: Peritoneal dialysis in veterinary medicine, Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 41:91, 2011.

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
Join us on Facebook
Follow us on Twitter
Read More


Friday, June 3, 2011

'Good gut bacteria' may help fight obesity

LUND, Sweden, May 25 (UPI) -- Daily intake of lactic acid bacteria -- Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL19 -- may help prevent obesity and reduce low-level inflammation, Swedish researchers say.

"Rats who were given this specific lactic acid bacterium from their time in the uterus up to adult age put on significantly less weight than other rats," Caroline Karlsson, a researcher in food hygiene at Lund University, Sweden, says in a statement. "Both groups (of rats) ate the same amount of high-energy (high-calorie) food."

The study, published in the British Journal of Nutrition, found the rats, given lactobacilli had a richer and better composition of the bacteria which occur naturally in the intestines.

A healthy gut flora should contain a large proportion of "good bacteria," such as lactic acid bacteria -- found in yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut, pickles, beer, wine, cider, chocolate and other fermented foods -- to keep the inflammation-causing bacteria in check, the study says
LUND, Sweden, May 25 (UPI) -- Daily intake of lactic acid bacteria -- Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL19 -- may help prevent obesity and reduce low-level inflammation, Swedish researchers say.

"Rats who were given this specific lactic acid bacterium from their time in the uterus up to adult age put on significantly less weight than other rats," Caroline Karlsson, a researcher in food hygiene at Lund University, Sweden, says in a statement. "Both groups (of rats) ate the same amount of high-energy (high-calorie) food."

The study, published in the British Journal of Nutrition, found the rats, given lactobacilli had a richer and better composition of the bacteria which occur naturally in the intestines.

A healthy gut flora should contain a large proportion of "good bacteria," such as lactic acid bacteria -- found in yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut, pickles, beer, wine, cider, chocolate and other fermented foods -- to keep the inflammation-causing bacteria in check, the study says
Read More


Ten ways to get kids to eat their veggies

(CNN) -- As a parent, you might look at the government's new nutrition icon and think, "Really?"

The image is a dinner plate divided into sections. Half the plate is full of fruits and vegetables.

That's right -- half of what your child eats is supposed to be fruits and vegetables. Not hot dogs, not hamburgers, not chicken nuggets, but broccoli, squash, Brussels sprouts, and other things that come from the ground.

"It's extremely tough to get your child to eat half a plate of fruits and vegetables," says Jessica Seinfeld, author of two books on cooking for kids. "I've talked to thousands and thousands of parents, and most of them can't get their kids to try them."

Statistics show kids aren't getting nearly enough fruits and veggies. Only 22% of children ages 2 to 5 meet government recommendations for vegetable consumption, according to a 2009 study by researchers at Ohio State University.

It only gets worse as children get older: Just 16% of children ages 6 to 11 meet the government's guidelines, and only 11% of those ages 12 to 18.

In the study of more than 6,000 kids and teens, about a third of vegetable consumption was fried potatoes (potato chips, french fries, etc.), and a little more than a third of the fruit consumption was juice -- so if you don't include those, the percentages get even lower.

There's no one way to get your kids to eat more fruits and veggies, but here are ten tips straight from moms.

1. Get them while they're hungry.

From Dr. Ann Kulze, family physician, author of "Eat Right for Life," and mother of Liz, 21, Frazier, 20, Jack, 19, and Lucie, 16.

If they're hungry, they'll eat. Before dinner, serve an appetizer of colorful vegetables, such as carrots, cucumbers, and red bell peppers, along with a hummus or low-fat salad dressing, Kulze suggests.

2. Institute the "no thank you bite" rule.

From Amy Traverso, Yankee Magazine's lifestyle editor and mother of 3-year-old Max.

Tell your child he has to take a bite before vetoing something on his plate.

"We figure as long as our son is tasting the food, he'll eventually get comfortable with it," Traverso says. "It works pretty well."

3. Make up cute names.

From Susan Risdal, an administrator with an IT company and the mother of C.J., 38, Cedric, 36, Dan, 30, and Lars and Rebecca, 26. She's also grandmother of Theodore, 7, Alexander, 4, Jess, 2, and Jaxon, 2 months.

Marketers do this, so why shouldn't you? Once Risdal started calling Brussels sprouts "hero buttons," her kids couldn't get enough of them.

4. Shop with your kids.

From Eileen Wolter, who writes a blog called A Suburban State of Mom. She's the mother of 6-year-old Luke and 3-year-old Graeme.

"Let them pick out the fruits and vegetables," Wolter says. "Let them smell the produce and admire the colors."

5. Cook with your kids.

From Shannon Duffy, mother of Dakota, 15, and Dylan, 9.

A few years back, Duffy asked Dylan to make the green beans -- add some butter, sprinkle on some seasonings -- while she worked on other dishes.

"When we sat down to eat, Dylan insisted on eating the green beans because, as he put it, 'I made them.'" Two years later, he's still eating his veggies as long as he helps prepare them.

6. Have a "veggie night."

From Mia Redrick, who has her own blog, Time for Mom-Me, and is mother of Patrick, 13, Alexandra, 9, and Matthew, 6.

This way, there's no competition from other types of foods.

"Serve up edamame, hummus with veggies, mushroom burgers with Swiss, etc.," Redrick suggests.

7. Hide the veggies.

From Jessica Seinfeld, author of "Deceptively Delicious," and mother of Sascha, 10, Julian, 8, and Shepherd, 5.

In Seinfeld's book, she tells parents how to stealthily sneak pureed vegetables into everything from shrimp dumplings to quesadillas.

8. Make fruits and vegetables the easy option.

From Coco Peate, blogger at vidacoco.com, and mother of Sophia, 7, Maddy, 5, Danny, 2, and 2-month old Anthony.

Take a tip from the geniuses who thought to put potato chips in single-serving bags. Stock a kid-accessible shelf in your fridge with little bags of cut fruit and vegetables, applesauce, and fruit cups.

9. Let them use fun gadgets.

From Althea Hughes Wills, blogger at Raw Mocha Angel.

What kid doesn't love gadgets? Let them use a blender, juicer, and food processor to make smoothies and other recipes with fruits and vegetables. Use proper supervision, of course.

10. Bribe with dessert.

From Natalie Boecker, marketing executive, mother of Ali, 27, and Pam, 23.

"Didn't want to finish what was good for them? No problem -- no dessert," Boecker says. "Maybe not the healthiest way to get them to eat vegetables, but it worked for us."
(CNN) -- As a parent, you might look at the government's new nutrition icon and think, "Really?"

The image is a dinner plate divided into sections. Half the plate is full of fruits and vegetables.

That's right -- half of what your child eats is supposed to be fruits and vegetables. Not hot dogs, not hamburgers, not chicken nuggets, but broccoli, squash, Brussels sprouts, and other things that come from the ground.

"It's extremely tough to get your child to eat half a plate of fruits and vegetables," says Jessica Seinfeld, author of two books on cooking for kids. "I've talked to thousands and thousands of parents, and most of them can't get their kids to try them."

Statistics show kids aren't getting nearly enough fruits and veggies. Only 22% of children ages 2 to 5 meet government recommendations for vegetable consumption, according to a 2009 study by researchers at Ohio State University.

It only gets worse as children get older: Just 16% of children ages 6 to 11 meet the government's guidelines, and only 11% of those ages 12 to 18.

In the study of more than 6,000 kids and teens, about a third of vegetable consumption was fried potatoes (potato chips, french fries, etc.), and a little more than a third of the fruit consumption was juice -- so if you don't include those, the percentages get even lower.

There's no one way to get your kids to eat more fruits and veggies, but here are ten tips straight from moms.

1. Get them while they're hungry.

From Dr. Ann Kulze, family physician, author of "Eat Right for Life," and mother of Liz, 21, Frazier, 20, Jack, 19, and Lucie, 16.

If they're hungry, they'll eat. Before dinner, serve an appetizer of colorful vegetables, such as carrots, cucumbers, and red bell peppers, along with a hummus or low-fat salad dressing, Kulze suggests.

2. Institute the "no thank you bite" rule.

From Amy Traverso, Yankee Magazine's lifestyle editor and mother of 3-year-old Max.

Tell your child he has to take a bite before vetoing something on his plate.

"We figure as long as our son is tasting the food, he'll eventually get comfortable with it," Traverso says. "It works pretty well."

3. Make up cute names.

From Susan Risdal, an administrator with an IT company and the mother of C.J., 38, Cedric, 36, Dan, 30, and Lars and Rebecca, 26. She's also grandmother of Theodore, 7, Alexander, 4, Jess, 2, and Jaxon, 2 months.

Marketers do this, so why shouldn't you? Once Risdal started calling Brussels sprouts "hero buttons," her kids couldn't get enough of them.

4. Shop with your kids.

From Eileen Wolter, who writes a blog called A Suburban State of Mom. She's the mother of 6-year-old Luke and 3-year-old Graeme.

"Let them pick out the fruits and vegetables," Wolter says. "Let them smell the produce and admire the colors."

5. Cook with your kids.

From Shannon Duffy, mother of Dakota, 15, and Dylan, 9.

A few years back, Duffy asked Dylan to make the green beans -- add some butter, sprinkle on some seasonings -- while she worked on other dishes.

"When we sat down to eat, Dylan insisted on eating the green beans because, as he put it, 'I made them.'" Two years later, he's still eating his veggies as long as he helps prepare them.

6. Have a "veggie night."

From Mia Redrick, who has her own blog, Time for Mom-Me, and is mother of Patrick, 13, Alexandra, 9, and Matthew, 6.

This way, there's no competition from other types of foods.

"Serve up edamame, hummus with veggies, mushroom burgers with Swiss, etc.," Redrick suggests.

7. Hide the veggies.

From Jessica Seinfeld, author of "Deceptively Delicious," and mother of Sascha, 10, Julian, 8, and Shepherd, 5.

In Seinfeld's book, she tells parents how to stealthily sneak pureed vegetables into everything from shrimp dumplings to quesadillas.

8. Make fruits and vegetables the easy option.

From Coco Peate, blogger at vidacoco.com, and mother of Sophia, 7, Maddy, 5, Danny, 2, and 2-month old Anthony.

Take a tip from the geniuses who thought to put potato chips in single-serving bags. Stock a kid-accessible shelf in your fridge with little bags of cut fruit and vegetables, applesauce, and fruit cups.

9. Let them use fun gadgets.

From Althea Hughes Wills, blogger at Raw Mocha Angel.

What kid doesn't love gadgets? Let them use a blender, juicer, and food processor to make smoothies and other recipes with fruits and vegetables. Use proper supervision, of course.

10. Bribe with dessert.

From Natalie Boecker, marketing executive, mother of Ali, 27, and Pam, 23.

"Didn't want to finish what was good for them? No problem -- no dessert," Boecker says. "Maybe not the healthiest way to get them to eat vegetables, but it worked for us."
Read More


Tuesday, May 31, 2011

Yes! A dose of sun CAN protect you against skin cancer

As a fair-haired Scot with freckles and pale skin I’m a classic case to be more at risk from melanoma. Getting quite badly sunburned on my nose years ago in Spain has pushed my risk up further.

To say I’ve been wary about the sun is an understatement - I specialise in treating patients with advanced melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer.

I was also in Australia 30 years ago at the start of the Slip-Slop-Slap campaign to warn people to keep out of the sun, and for seven years I never went swimming without being covered in sun lotion and wearing a T-shirt.

But now I believe that rather than reducing the risk of skin cancer, following these sun-avoidance guidelines could actually raise it. That’s because we need sun on our skin to make vitamin D - ironically these campaigns may have made millions chronically short of it and put them at risk. t rather than reducing the risk of skin cancer, following these sun-avoidance guidelines could actually raise it.

That’s because we need sun on our skin to make vitamin D - ironically these campaigns may have made millions chronically short of it and put them at risk. The sun’s effects might even protect against melanoma (as reported in the Mail earlier this month).
As a fair-haired Scot with freckles and pale skin I’m a classic case to be more at risk from melanoma. Getting quite badly sunburned on my nose years ago in Spain has pushed my risk up further.

To say I’ve been wary about the sun is an understatement - I specialise in treating patients with advanced melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer.

I was also in Australia 30 years ago at the start of the Slip-Slop-Slap campaign to warn people to keep out of the sun, and for seven years I never went swimming without being covered in sun lotion and wearing a T-shirt.

But now I believe that rather than reducing the risk of skin cancer, following these sun-avoidance guidelines could actually raise it. That’s because we need sun on our skin to make vitamin D - ironically these campaigns may have made millions chronically short of it and put them at risk. t rather than reducing the risk of skin cancer, following these sun-avoidance guidelines could actually raise it.

That’s because we need sun on our skin to make vitamin D - ironically these campaigns may have made millions chronically short of it and put them at risk. The sun’s effects might even protect against melanoma (as reported in the Mail earlier this month).
Read More


Disease Control in Animal Shelters

Steneroden KK, Hill AE, Salman MD: A needs-assessment and demographic survey of infection-control and disease awareness in western US animal shelters, Prev Vet Med 98:52, 2011. 

Infection control strategies and disease awareness were evaluated in shelters in six western states using detailed survey questions. Responses from 78 of 157 shelters were received. Statistical descriptive evaluation of the results indicated that the top 3 diseases of concern were feline respiratory disease, canine parvovirus, and ringworm. In 45% of shelters responding many or most animals arrive with an infectious disease. Written protocols for preventive practices were present at 88% of shelters responding, cleaning and disinfection protocols in 75%, outbreak response/control protocols in 36%, and infection control manuals in 15%. Veterinarians are in charge of infection control in 6% of the shelters. About 45% vaccinate dogs and cats for rabies while at the shelter. Training is provided for 30-35% of staff and volunteers at hiring. Institutionalized and ongoing worker training as well as development of infection control protocols were identified by the investigators as areas of focus needing attention in order to improve the ability to prevent and respond to infectious diseases. [MK]

Related articles:

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
Steneroden KK, Hill AE, Salman MD: A needs-assessment and demographic survey of infection-control and disease awareness in western US animal shelters, Prev Vet Med 98:52, 2011. 

Infection control strategies and disease awareness were evaluated in shelters in six western states using detailed survey questions. Responses from 78 of 157 shelters were received. Statistical descriptive evaluation of the results indicated that the top 3 diseases of concern were feline respiratory disease, canine parvovirus, and ringworm. In 45% of shelters responding many or most animals arrive with an infectious disease. Written protocols for preventive practices were present at 88% of shelters responding, cleaning and disinfection protocols in 75%, outbreak response/control protocols in 36%, and infection control manuals in 15%. Veterinarians are in charge of infection control in 6% of the shelters. About 45% vaccinate dogs and cats for rabies while at the shelter. Training is provided for 30-35% of staff and volunteers at hiring. Institutionalized and ongoing worker training as well as development of infection control protocols were identified by the investigators as areas of focus needing attention in order to improve the ability to prevent and respond to infectious diseases. [MK]

Related articles:

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
Read More


Thursday, May 26, 2011

Move Like a Hunter-Gatherer, Live Longer

One of the best ways to reduce your risk of chronic disease and live a longer life may be to act like a hunter-gatherer.

Scientists recently analyzed the physical habits of our hunter-gatherer ancestors -- people who tended to engage in short bursts of physical activity (mostly outside) coupled with periods of rest -- and health experts agree we'd probably all be better off physically if we followed that example. In fact, our bodies may be genetically programmed for it.

Walk on the Wild Side
Our hunter-gatherer predecessors were pretty busy. Whether they were digging for roots and tubers; making tools; building shelters; hunting; or carrying logs, food, or small children, they were often on the move. All in all, they probably expended between 800 and 1,200 calories per day doing physical things -- most of them outdoors. But the average American today? We expend only a small fraction of energy doing anything physical. As a result, our stamina, muscle strength, and flexibility aren't maintained. What's more, our inactive ways cause us to miss out on yet more healthful habits enjoyed by hunter-gatherers -- socializing and outdoor living. Hunting and foraging in small groups provided our ancestors with a social outlet and an opportunity to be outside frequently -- both of which are natural mood boosters. (Related: Discover why outdoor workouts are better for your mood and your health.)

Get Back to Nature
Human beings lived for eons as hunter-gatherers, so it's not surprising that our bodies are built to thrive under physically demanding conditions outside. Ready to activate your hunter-gatherer genes? Here's a fitness plan that will help emulate the hunter-gatherer way:

Hit the trails. Researchers estimate that hunter-gatherers walked between 4 and 10 miles a day just to find necessities! While you might not be able to hit that lofty mark, you could probably do a lot more than you're currently doing. Find ways to walk more during everyday tasks, and bake a daily walk into your schedule as well. Try these three tricks to boost walking benefits.


Lift things. At least two to three times a week, you should do some strength training. Instead of carrying logs, carry groceries, laundry, kids, and pets. Instead of stacking rocks, lift weights at home or at the gym. Watch this video to see why strength training is so good for women's weight.


Get your flex on. Activities like yoga, dancing, tai chi, and gardening can help improve your flexibility -- something that hunter-gatherers had in spades. Here's an easy 12-point yoga pose you can do every day.


Do it outdoors. Exercising outside on natural surfaces (the ones we evolved with, like grass and dirt) works more muscles and boosts your balance.


Work out with a buddy. You'll get the added benefit of mood-boosting social interaction.


Mix it up. Once or twice a week, alternate short bursts of moderate- to high-intensity physical activity with periods of rest and recovery to challenge your heart and lungs. Follow harder workout days with easier workout days. Hunter-gatherers got lots of rest, relaxation, and sleep when recovering from physically demanding days. Here's another good reason to stay in bed.
One of the best ways to reduce your risk of chronic disease and live a longer life may be to act like a hunter-gatherer.

Scientists recently analyzed the physical habits of our hunter-gatherer ancestors -- people who tended to engage in short bursts of physical activity (mostly outside) coupled with periods of rest -- and health experts agree we'd probably all be better off physically if we followed that example. In fact, our bodies may be genetically programmed for it.

Walk on the Wild Side
Our hunter-gatherer predecessors were pretty busy. Whether they were digging for roots and tubers; making tools; building shelters; hunting; or carrying logs, food, or small children, they were often on the move. All in all, they probably expended between 800 and 1,200 calories per day doing physical things -- most of them outdoors. But the average American today? We expend only a small fraction of energy doing anything physical. As a result, our stamina, muscle strength, and flexibility aren't maintained. What's more, our inactive ways cause us to miss out on yet more healthful habits enjoyed by hunter-gatherers -- socializing and outdoor living. Hunting and foraging in small groups provided our ancestors with a social outlet and an opportunity to be outside frequently -- both of which are natural mood boosters. (Related: Discover why outdoor workouts are better for your mood and your health.)

Get Back to Nature
Human beings lived for eons as hunter-gatherers, so it's not surprising that our bodies are built to thrive under physically demanding conditions outside. Ready to activate your hunter-gatherer genes? Here's a fitness plan that will help emulate the hunter-gatherer way:

Hit the trails. Researchers estimate that hunter-gatherers walked between 4 and 10 miles a day just to find necessities! While you might not be able to hit that lofty mark, you could probably do a lot more than you're currently doing. Find ways to walk more during everyday tasks, and bake a daily walk into your schedule as well. Try these three tricks to boost walking benefits.


Lift things. At least two to three times a week, you should do some strength training. Instead of carrying logs, carry groceries, laundry, kids, and pets. Instead of stacking rocks, lift weights at home or at the gym. Watch this video to see why strength training is so good for women's weight.


Get your flex on. Activities like yoga, dancing, tai chi, and gardening can help improve your flexibility -- something that hunter-gatherers had in spades. Here's an easy 12-point yoga pose you can do every day.


Do it outdoors. Exercising outside on natural surfaces (the ones we evolved with, like grass and dirt) works more muscles and boosts your balance.


Work out with a buddy. You'll get the added benefit of mood-boosting social interaction.


Mix it up. Once or twice a week, alternate short bursts of moderate- to high-intensity physical activity with periods of rest and recovery to challenge your heart and lungs. Follow harder workout days with easier workout days. Hunter-gatherers got lots of rest, relaxation, and sleep when recovering from physically demanding days. Here's another good reason to stay in bed.
Read More


Tuesday, May 24, 2011

Feline Nutrition



Nutritionists have investigated the diet and regulation of consumption in many species, including cats. In this study, investigators examined various dietary factors in cats fed different commercial cat foods with differing .nutrient composition. Cats appear to be limited in the amount of carbohydrate they can digest. High carbohydrate intake may in fact cause gastrointestinal problems in cats, and leads to reduced protein and fat intake. It is not clear how cats regulate their intake normally, whether through consumption or their metabolism. Further research is needed to determine which dietary factors contribute to the nutrient regulation in cats. [MK]

Related articles:
Zoran D: The carnivore connection to nutrition in cats, J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:1559, 2002.

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
Join us on Facebook
Follow us on Twitter


Nutritionists have investigated the diet and regulation of consumption in many species, including cats. In this study, investigators examined various dietary factors in cats fed different commercial cat foods with differing .nutrient composition. Cats appear to be limited in the amount of carbohydrate they can digest. High carbohydrate intake may in fact cause gastrointestinal problems in cats, and leads to reduced protein and fat intake. It is not clear how cats regulate their intake normally, whether through consumption or their metabolism. Further research is needed to determine which dietary factors contribute to the nutrient regulation in cats. [MK]

Related articles:
Zoran D: The carnivore connection to nutrition in cats, J Am Vet Med Assoc 221:1559, 2002.

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
Join us on Facebook
Follow us on Twitter
Read More