Anesthesia safety for cats with heart disease

Final report, Winn/Miller Trust grant MT10-001
Does treatment of anesthetic-induced hypotension with dopamine or phenylephrine cause myocardial damage in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Investigators: Bruno Pypendop, Ashley Wiese, Linda Barter, Jan Ilkiw
University of California, Davis

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heart disease of cats. The development and complications of hypotension (low blood pressure) in anesthetized cats is a concern for both healthy cats and cats with HCM. Persistent hypotension in healthy anesthetized cats is treated with the administration of drugs such as dopamine. Blood pressure can also be increased by administration of another type of drug, phenylephrine. The effects of these drugs on cardiac output (CO) and blood pressure have not been investigated in anesthetized cats with HCM. 

The investigators studied the cardiopulmonary effects of dopamine and phenylephrine during isoflurane-induced hypotension in 6 cats with severe naturally occurring HCM. The results indicated that both dopamine and phenylephrine induced dose-dependent increases in systemic and pulmonary blood pressure, yet only dopamine resulted in increased cardiac output. Anesthesia-induced hypotension and the infusions of dopamine and phenylephrine caused a significant increase in cardiac troponin I, a sensitive and specific biochemical marker for myocardial damage. The authors suggest that based on the study results, dopamine is superior to phenylephrine if the goal of treatment of inhalation anesthetic-induced hypotension in cats with non-obstructive HCM is to restore blood pressure through an increase in cardiac output. [VT]

Wiese AJ, Barter LS, Ilkiw JE, Kittleson MD and Pypendop BH. Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of incremental doses of dopamine and phenylephrine in the management of isoflurane-induced hypotension in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Vet Res. 2012; 73: 908-16.

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Final report, Winn/Miller Trust grant MT10-001
Does treatment of anesthetic-induced hypotension with dopamine or phenylephrine cause myocardial damage in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Investigators: Bruno Pypendop, Ashley Wiese, Linda Barter, Jan Ilkiw
University of California, Davis

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heart disease of cats. The development and complications of hypotension (low blood pressure) in anesthetized cats is a concern for both healthy cats and cats with HCM. Persistent hypotension in healthy anesthetized cats is treated with the administration of drugs such as dopamine. Blood pressure can also be increased by administration of another type of drug, phenylephrine. The effects of these drugs on cardiac output (CO) and blood pressure have not been investigated in anesthetized cats with HCM. 

The investigators studied the cardiopulmonary effects of dopamine and phenylephrine during isoflurane-induced hypotension in 6 cats with severe naturally occurring HCM. The results indicated that both dopamine and phenylephrine induced dose-dependent increases in systemic and pulmonary blood pressure, yet only dopamine resulted in increased cardiac output. Anesthesia-induced hypotension and the infusions of dopamine and phenylephrine caused a significant increase in cardiac troponin I, a sensitive and specific biochemical marker for myocardial damage. The authors suggest that based on the study results, dopamine is superior to phenylephrine if the goal of treatment of inhalation anesthetic-induced hypotension in cats with non-obstructive HCM is to restore blood pressure through an increase in cardiac output. [VT]

Wiese AJ, Barter LS, Ilkiw JE, Kittleson MD and Pypendop BH. Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of incremental doses of dopamine and phenylephrine in the management of isoflurane-induced hypotension in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Vet Res. 2012; 73: 908-16.

More on cat health:
Winn Feline Foundation Library
Find us on Facebook
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Read the Cat Health News Weekly
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Risk of Anesthetic Death for Cats

Brodbelt, D. C., K. J. Blissitt, et al. (2008). "The risk of death: the Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Small Animal Fatalities." Vet Anaesth Analg. 2008 May 5

The objective of this prospective study was to estimate the risks of anesthetic and sedation-related mortality in small animals in the United Kingdom. All small animals anesthetized and sedated at 117 veterinary practices between June 2002 and June 2004 were included. Patient outcomes at 48 hours were recorded. An anesthetic or sedation-related death was one where surgical or pre-existing medical problems did not solely cause death. In total, the records of 79,178 cats were evaluated. The overall risk of anesthesia or sedation-related death within 48 hours of the procedure was 0.24% and was higher than that for dogs (0.17%). The risk for healthy cats was estimated to be 0.11%, again higher than that for dogs (0.05%). The risk for sick cats was 1.40% (versus 1.33% for sick dogs). Postoperative deaths accounted for 61% of the cat deaths (versus 47% for dogs). The researchers conclude that small animal anesthesia appears to be increasingly safe, and that greater care in the postoperative period could reduce mortality.
>> PubMed Abstract

Related articles:
Brodbelt, D. C., D. U. Pfeiffer, et al. (2007). "Risk factors for anaesthetic-related death in cats: results from the confidential enquiry into perioperative small animal fatalities (CEPSAF)." Br J Anaesth 99(5): 617-23.
>> PubMed Abstract

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library

Brodbelt, D. C., K. J. Blissitt, et al. (2008). "The risk of death: the Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Small Animal Fatalities." Vet Anaesth Analg. 2008 May 5

The objective of this prospective study was to estimate the risks of anesthetic and sedation-related mortality in small animals in the United Kingdom. All small animals anesthetized and sedated at 117 veterinary practices between June 2002 and June 2004 were included. Patient outcomes at 48 hours were recorded. An anesthetic or sedation-related death was one where surgical or pre-existing medical problems did not solely cause death. In total, the records of 79,178 cats were evaluated. The overall risk of anesthesia or sedation-related death within 48 hours of the procedure was 0.24% and was higher than that for dogs (0.17%). The risk for healthy cats was estimated to be 0.11%, again higher than that for dogs (0.05%). The risk for sick cats was 1.40% (versus 1.33% for sick dogs). Postoperative deaths accounted for 61% of the cat deaths (versus 47% for dogs). The researchers conclude that small animal anesthesia appears to be increasingly safe, and that greater care in the postoperative period could reduce mortality.
>> PubMed Abstract

Related articles:
Brodbelt, D. C., D. U. Pfeiffer, et al. (2007). "Risk factors for anaesthetic-related death in cats: results from the confidential enquiry into perioperative small animal fatalities (CEPSAF)." Br J Anaesth 99(5): 617-23.
>> PubMed Abstract

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library

Read More