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Tuesday, June 21, 2011

Feline Squamous Cell Carcinoma


Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of feline skin and oral cavity.  In humans, it has been suggested that human papillomaviruses along with ultraviolet light may act as cofactors in human skin cancer. These researchers determined the prevalence of papillomavirus in cutaneous and non-cutaneous pre-cancerous or cancerous lesions (SCCs) in 84 cats using virus genetic detection (PCR). Evidence of papillomavirus infection was found in 20 of the 126 samples tested. Interestingly, 50% of them were found to be most similar to human papillomavirus. The role of UV light in feline SCC remains unclear, and any causal relationship between SCCs and papillomaviruses in cats cannot be concluded. Papillomavirus was present in more cases than originally identified; the researchers point out the need for a larger prospective study to determine its role. [MK]

Related articles:

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of feline skin and oral cavity.  In humans, it has been suggested that human papillomaviruses along with ultraviolet light may act as cofactors in human skin cancer. These researchers determined the prevalence of papillomavirus in cutaneous and non-cutaneous pre-cancerous or cancerous lesions (SCCs) in 84 cats using virus genetic detection (PCR). Evidence of papillomavirus infection was found in 20 of the 126 samples tested. Interestingly, 50% of them were found to be most similar to human papillomavirus. The role of UV light in feline SCC remains unclear, and any causal relationship between SCCs and papillomaviruses in cats cannot be concluded. Papillomavirus was present in more cases than originally identified; the researchers point out the need for a larger prospective study to determine its role. [MK]

Related articles:

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
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Tuesday, June 14, 2011

Treatment of Ringworm in Shelter Cats

Newbury S, Moriello KA, Kwochka KW et al: Use of itraconazole and either lime sulphur or Malaseb Concentrate Rinse® to treat shelter cats naturally infected with Microsporum canis: an open field trial, Vet Dermatol 22:75, 2011. 

Dermatophytosis (ringworm) is an important skin disease in cats because it is highly contagious and has a zoonotic potential. This disease can be a problem in shelters, especially because of the effect on the most adoptable population in an animal shelter: kittens and young cats. The authors performed an open, non-randomized study of 90 cats with severe dermatophytosis. The cats were treated with 21 days of oral itraconazole at 10 mg/kg and one of three topical antifungal rinses applied twice weekly: lime sulphur (LSO); reformulated lime sulphur with an odor-masking agent (LSR); or a 0.2% miconazole nitrate and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate rinse (MC). Weekly examinations were performed along with monitoring of fungal cultures for response to therapy. The cats were not prevented from licking the rinse solutions and none developed oral ulcerations. The study concluded that LSO, LSR, and MC are options for adjunct topical antifungal therapy. LSO was found to result in a significantly shorter number of treatment days than MC or LSR. When a shelter has limited facilities and room for treatment of cats, LSO may be the best option for topical treatment.  [VT]

Related articles:
Diesel A, Verbrugge M, Moriello KA: Efficacy of eight commercial formulations of lime sulphur on in vitro growth inhibition of Microsporum canis, Vet Dermatol 22:197, 2011.

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
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Newbury S, Moriello KA, Kwochka KW et al: Use of itraconazole and either lime sulphur or Malaseb Concentrate Rinse® to treat shelter cats naturally infected with Microsporum canis: an open field trial, Vet Dermatol 22:75, 2011. 

Dermatophytosis (ringworm) is an important skin disease in cats because it is highly contagious and has a zoonotic potential. This disease can be a problem in shelters, especially because of the effect on the most adoptable population in an animal shelter: kittens and young cats. The authors performed an open, non-randomized study of 90 cats with severe dermatophytosis. The cats were treated with 21 days of oral itraconazole at 10 mg/kg and one of three topical antifungal rinses applied twice weekly: lime sulphur (LSO); reformulated lime sulphur with an odor-masking agent (LSR); or a 0.2% miconazole nitrate and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate rinse (MC). Weekly examinations were performed along with monitoring of fungal cultures for response to therapy. The cats were not prevented from licking the rinse solutions and none developed oral ulcerations. The study concluded that LSO, LSR, and MC are options for adjunct topical antifungal therapy. LSO was found to result in a significantly shorter number of treatment days than MC or LSR. When a shelter has limited facilities and room for treatment of cats, LSO may be the best option for topical treatment.  [VT]

Related articles:
Diesel A, Verbrugge M, Moriello KA: Efficacy of eight commercial formulations of lime sulphur on in vitro growth inhibition of Microsporum canis, Vet Dermatol 22:197, 2011.

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
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Friday, June 10, 2011

Coffee diterpenes prevent the genotoxic effects of a toxic chemical in human derived liver cell lines. - GreenMedInfo Summary

Coffee diterpenes prevent the genotoxic effects of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and N-nitrosodimethylamine in a human derived liver cell line (HepG2).
Aim of the present experiments was to study the genotoxic effects of coffee diterpenoids, namely cafestol palmitate and a mix of cafestol and kahweol (C+K) in human derived hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Furthermore, we investigated the potential protective properties of these substances towards carcinogens contained in the human diet, namely N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). C+K and cafestol palmitate were tested over a broad dose range in micronucleus (MN) assays and no indication for genotoxic effects was seen. In combination experiments with PhIP (300 microM), pronounced inhibition (approximately 1.7-fold) of MN formation was observed with C+K and cafestol palmitate at dose levels>or = 0.9 and 1.7 microg/ml, respectively. Enzyme measurements indicate that the protection is due to inhibition of sulfotransferase, an enzyme involved in the activation of the amine, and/or to induction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase which detoxifies the DNA-reactive metabolites of PhIP. Furthermore, a significant increase of glutathione-S-transferase was seen, whereas the activities of cytochrome P-450 1A1 and N-acetyltransferase 1 were not significantly altered. Also in combination experiments with C+K and NDMA, strong protective effects (50% reduction of genotoxicity) were seen at low dose levels (>or = 0.3 microg/ml). Since inhibition of MN was also observed when C+K were added after incubation with NDMA, it is likely that the chemoprotective effects are due to induction of DNA repair enzymes. Comparison of data on the effects of C+K on the cholesterol metabolism, which was investigated in earlier in vivo studies, with the present findings suggests that DNA-protective effects take place at exposure levels which are substantially lower than those which cause hypercholesterolemia
Coffee diterpenes prevent the genotoxic effects of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and N-nitrosodimethylamine in a human derived liver cell line (HepG2).
Aim of the present experiments was to study the genotoxic effects of coffee diterpenoids, namely cafestol palmitate and a mix of cafestol and kahweol (C+K) in human derived hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Furthermore, we investigated the potential protective properties of these substances towards carcinogens contained in the human diet, namely N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). C+K and cafestol palmitate were tested over a broad dose range in micronucleus (MN) assays and no indication for genotoxic effects was seen. In combination experiments with PhIP (300 microM), pronounced inhibition (approximately 1.7-fold) of MN formation was observed with C+K and cafestol palmitate at dose levels>or = 0.9 and 1.7 microg/ml, respectively. Enzyme measurements indicate that the protection is due to inhibition of sulfotransferase, an enzyme involved in the activation of the amine, and/or to induction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase which detoxifies the DNA-reactive metabolites of PhIP. Furthermore, a significant increase of glutathione-S-transferase was seen, whereas the activities of cytochrome P-450 1A1 and N-acetyltransferase 1 were not significantly altered. Also in combination experiments with C+K and NDMA, strong protective effects (50% reduction of genotoxicity) were seen at low dose levels (>or = 0.3 microg/ml). Since inhibition of MN was also observed when C+K were added after incubation with NDMA, it is likely that the chemoprotective effects are due to induction of DNA repair enzymes. Comparison of data on the effects of C+K on the cholesterol metabolism, which was investigated in earlier in vivo studies, with the present findings suggests that DNA-protective effects take place at exposure levels which are substantially lower than those which cause hypercholesterolemia
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Tuesday, June 7, 2011

Treatment of Acute Kidney Injuries


Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) is a process used in managing acute kidney injury that is refractory to fluid therapy. PD utilizes the peritoneum as a semipermeable membrane in order to move solutes and water between blood in the peritoneal capillaries and fluid (dialysate) instilled in the peritoneal cavity. This study of the medical records of 22 cats with acute kidney injury examined the indications, effectiveness, outcomes, and complications associated with use of PD in the affected cats. Indications for peritoneal dialysis include acute-on-chronic- kidney injury, acute kidney injury caused by toxins, bilateral ureteroliths, bilateral ureteral ligation as a complication of ovariohysterectomy, and unknown causes. For all cats on PD, the median survival time was 4 days, though the median survival time for cats discharged from the hospital was 774 days. Dialysate retention and sequestration of dialysate under the skin were the most common complications noted. Results found a significant decrease between the pre-and post-dialysis results for blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, potassium, phosphorus, total protein, and albumin concentrations. PD could be used as an effective option for treatment in cats with acute kidney injury that is refractory to fluid therapy.  [VT]

Related articles:
Cooper RL, Labato MA: Peritoneal dialysis in veterinary medicine, Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 41:91, 2011.

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
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Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) is a process used in managing acute kidney injury that is refractory to fluid therapy. PD utilizes the peritoneum as a semipermeable membrane in order to move solutes and water between blood in the peritoneal capillaries and fluid (dialysate) instilled in the peritoneal cavity. This study of the medical records of 22 cats with acute kidney injury examined the indications, effectiveness, outcomes, and complications associated with use of PD in the affected cats. Indications for peritoneal dialysis include acute-on-chronic- kidney injury, acute kidney injury caused by toxins, bilateral ureteroliths, bilateral ureteral ligation as a complication of ovariohysterectomy, and unknown causes. For all cats on PD, the median survival time was 4 days, though the median survival time for cats discharged from the hospital was 774 days. Dialysate retention and sequestration of dialysate under the skin were the most common complications noted. Results found a significant decrease between the pre-and post-dialysis results for blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, potassium, phosphorus, total protein, and albumin concentrations. PD could be used as an effective option for treatment in cats with acute kidney injury that is refractory to fluid therapy.  [VT]

Related articles:
Cooper RL, Labato MA: Peritoneal dialysis in veterinary medicine, Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 41:91, 2011.

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library
Join us on Facebook
Follow us on Twitter
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Friday, June 3, 2011

'Good gut bacteria' may help fight obesity

LUND, Sweden, May 25 (UPI) -- Daily intake of lactic acid bacteria -- Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL19 -- may help prevent obesity and reduce low-level inflammation, Swedish researchers say.

"Rats who were given this specific lactic acid bacterium from their time in the uterus up to adult age put on significantly less weight than other rats," Caroline Karlsson, a researcher in food hygiene at Lund University, Sweden, says in a statement. "Both groups (of rats) ate the same amount of high-energy (high-calorie) food."

The study, published in the British Journal of Nutrition, found the rats, given lactobacilli had a richer and better composition of the bacteria which occur naturally in the intestines.

A healthy gut flora should contain a large proportion of "good bacteria," such as lactic acid bacteria -- found in yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut, pickles, beer, wine, cider, chocolate and other fermented foods -- to keep the inflammation-causing bacteria in check, the study says
LUND, Sweden, May 25 (UPI) -- Daily intake of lactic acid bacteria -- Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL19 -- may help prevent obesity and reduce low-level inflammation, Swedish researchers say.

"Rats who were given this specific lactic acid bacterium from their time in the uterus up to adult age put on significantly less weight than other rats," Caroline Karlsson, a researcher in food hygiene at Lund University, Sweden, says in a statement. "Both groups (of rats) ate the same amount of high-energy (high-calorie) food."

The study, published in the British Journal of Nutrition, found the rats, given lactobacilli had a richer and better composition of the bacteria which occur naturally in the intestines.

A healthy gut flora should contain a large proportion of "good bacteria," such as lactic acid bacteria -- found in yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut, pickles, beer, wine, cider, chocolate and other fermented foods -- to keep the inflammation-causing bacteria in check, the study says
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Ten ways to get kids to eat their veggies

(CNN) -- As a parent, you might look at the government's new nutrition icon and think, "Really?"

The image is a dinner plate divided into sections. Half the plate is full of fruits and vegetables.

That's right -- half of what your child eats is supposed to be fruits and vegetables. Not hot dogs, not hamburgers, not chicken nuggets, but broccoli, squash, Brussels sprouts, and other things that come from the ground.

"It's extremely tough to get your child to eat half a plate of fruits and vegetables," says Jessica Seinfeld, author of two books on cooking for kids. "I've talked to thousands and thousands of parents, and most of them can't get their kids to try them."

Statistics show kids aren't getting nearly enough fruits and veggies. Only 22% of children ages 2 to 5 meet government recommendations for vegetable consumption, according to a 2009 study by researchers at Ohio State University.

It only gets worse as children get older: Just 16% of children ages 6 to 11 meet the government's guidelines, and only 11% of those ages 12 to 18.

In the study of more than 6,000 kids and teens, about a third of vegetable consumption was fried potatoes (potato chips, french fries, etc.), and a little more than a third of the fruit consumption was juice -- so if you don't include those, the percentages get even lower.

There's no one way to get your kids to eat more fruits and veggies, but here are ten tips straight from moms.

1. Get them while they're hungry.

From Dr. Ann Kulze, family physician, author of "Eat Right for Life," and mother of Liz, 21, Frazier, 20, Jack, 19, and Lucie, 16.

If they're hungry, they'll eat. Before dinner, serve an appetizer of colorful vegetables, such as carrots, cucumbers, and red bell peppers, along with a hummus or low-fat salad dressing, Kulze suggests.

2. Institute the "no thank you bite" rule.

From Amy Traverso, Yankee Magazine's lifestyle editor and mother of 3-year-old Max.

Tell your child he has to take a bite before vetoing something on his plate.

"We figure as long as our son is tasting the food, he'll eventually get comfortable with it," Traverso says. "It works pretty well."

3. Make up cute names.

From Susan Risdal, an administrator with an IT company and the mother of C.J., 38, Cedric, 36, Dan, 30, and Lars and Rebecca, 26. She's also grandmother of Theodore, 7, Alexander, 4, Jess, 2, and Jaxon, 2 months.

Marketers do this, so why shouldn't you? Once Risdal started calling Brussels sprouts "hero buttons," her kids couldn't get enough of them.

4. Shop with your kids.

From Eileen Wolter, who writes a blog called A Suburban State of Mom. She's the mother of 6-year-old Luke and 3-year-old Graeme.

"Let them pick out the fruits and vegetables," Wolter says. "Let them smell the produce and admire the colors."

5. Cook with your kids.

From Shannon Duffy, mother of Dakota, 15, and Dylan, 9.

A few years back, Duffy asked Dylan to make the green beans -- add some butter, sprinkle on some seasonings -- while she worked on other dishes.

"When we sat down to eat, Dylan insisted on eating the green beans because, as he put it, 'I made them.'" Two years later, he's still eating his veggies as long as he helps prepare them.

6. Have a "veggie night."

From Mia Redrick, who has her own blog, Time for Mom-Me, and is mother of Patrick, 13, Alexandra, 9, and Matthew, 6.

This way, there's no competition from other types of foods.

"Serve up edamame, hummus with veggies, mushroom burgers with Swiss, etc.," Redrick suggests.

7. Hide the veggies.

From Jessica Seinfeld, author of "Deceptively Delicious," and mother of Sascha, 10, Julian, 8, and Shepherd, 5.

In Seinfeld's book, she tells parents how to stealthily sneak pureed vegetables into everything from shrimp dumplings to quesadillas.

8. Make fruits and vegetables the easy option.

From Coco Peate, blogger at vidacoco.com, and mother of Sophia, 7, Maddy, 5, Danny, 2, and 2-month old Anthony.

Take a tip from the geniuses who thought to put potato chips in single-serving bags. Stock a kid-accessible shelf in your fridge with little bags of cut fruit and vegetables, applesauce, and fruit cups.

9. Let them use fun gadgets.

From Althea Hughes Wills, blogger at Raw Mocha Angel.

What kid doesn't love gadgets? Let them use a blender, juicer, and food processor to make smoothies and other recipes with fruits and vegetables. Use proper supervision, of course.

10. Bribe with dessert.

From Natalie Boecker, marketing executive, mother of Ali, 27, and Pam, 23.

"Didn't want to finish what was good for them? No problem -- no dessert," Boecker says. "Maybe not the healthiest way to get them to eat vegetables, but it worked for us."
(CNN) -- As a parent, you might look at the government's new nutrition icon and think, "Really?"

The image is a dinner plate divided into sections. Half the plate is full of fruits and vegetables.

That's right -- half of what your child eats is supposed to be fruits and vegetables. Not hot dogs, not hamburgers, not chicken nuggets, but broccoli, squash, Brussels sprouts, and other things that come from the ground.

"It's extremely tough to get your child to eat half a plate of fruits and vegetables," says Jessica Seinfeld, author of two books on cooking for kids. "I've talked to thousands and thousands of parents, and most of them can't get their kids to try them."

Statistics show kids aren't getting nearly enough fruits and veggies. Only 22% of children ages 2 to 5 meet government recommendations for vegetable consumption, according to a 2009 study by researchers at Ohio State University.

It only gets worse as children get older: Just 16% of children ages 6 to 11 meet the government's guidelines, and only 11% of those ages 12 to 18.

In the study of more than 6,000 kids and teens, about a third of vegetable consumption was fried potatoes (potato chips, french fries, etc.), and a little more than a third of the fruit consumption was juice -- so if you don't include those, the percentages get even lower.

There's no one way to get your kids to eat more fruits and veggies, but here are ten tips straight from moms.

1. Get them while they're hungry.

From Dr. Ann Kulze, family physician, author of "Eat Right for Life," and mother of Liz, 21, Frazier, 20, Jack, 19, and Lucie, 16.

If they're hungry, they'll eat. Before dinner, serve an appetizer of colorful vegetables, such as carrots, cucumbers, and red bell peppers, along with a hummus or low-fat salad dressing, Kulze suggests.

2. Institute the "no thank you bite" rule.

From Amy Traverso, Yankee Magazine's lifestyle editor and mother of 3-year-old Max.

Tell your child he has to take a bite before vetoing something on his plate.

"We figure as long as our son is tasting the food, he'll eventually get comfortable with it," Traverso says. "It works pretty well."

3. Make up cute names.

From Susan Risdal, an administrator with an IT company and the mother of C.J., 38, Cedric, 36, Dan, 30, and Lars and Rebecca, 26. She's also grandmother of Theodore, 7, Alexander, 4, Jess, 2, and Jaxon, 2 months.

Marketers do this, so why shouldn't you? Once Risdal started calling Brussels sprouts "hero buttons," her kids couldn't get enough of them.

4. Shop with your kids.

From Eileen Wolter, who writes a blog called A Suburban State of Mom. She's the mother of 6-year-old Luke and 3-year-old Graeme.

"Let them pick out the fruits and vegetables," Wolter says. "Let them smell the produce and admire the colors."

5. Cook with your kids.

From Shannon Duffy, mother of Dakota, 15, and Dylan, 9.

A few years back, Duffy asked Dylan to make the green beans -- add some butter, sprinkle on some seasonings -- while she worked on other dishes.

"When we sat down to eat, Dylan insisted on eating the green beans because, as he put it, 'I made them.'" Two years later, he's still eating his veggies as long as he helps prepare them.

6. Have a "veggie night."

From Mia Redrick, who has her own blog, Time for Mom-Me, and is mother of Patrick, 13, Alexandra, 9, and Matthew, 6.

This way, there's no competition from other types of foods.

"Serve up edamame, hummus with veggies, mushroom burgers with Swiss, etc.," Redrick suggests.

7. Hide the veggies.

From Jessica Seinfeld, author of "Deceptively Delicious," and mother of Sascha, 10, Julian, 8, and Shepherd, 5.

In Seinfeld's book, she tells parents how to stealthily sneak pureed vegetables into everything from shrimp dumplings to quesadillas.

8. Make fruits and vegetables the easy option.

From Coco Peate, blogger at vidacoco.com, and mother of Sophia, 7, Maddy, 5, Danny, 2, and 2-month old Anthony.

Take a tip from the geniuses who thought to put potato chips in single-serving bags. Stock a kid-accessible shelf in your fridge with little bags of cut fruit and vegetables, applesauce, and fruit cups.

9. Let them use fun gadgets.

From Althea Hughes Wills, blogger at Raw Mocha Angel.

What kid doesn't love gadgets? Let them use a blender, juicer, and food processor to make smoothies and other recipes with fruits and vegetables. Use proper supervision, of course.

10. Bribe with dessert.

From Natalie Boecker, marketing executive, mother of Ali, 27, and Pam, 23.

"Didn't want to finish what was good for them? No problem -- no dessert," Boecker says. "Maybe not the healthiest way to get them to eat vegetables, but it worked for us."
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011

Yes! A dose of sun CAN protect you against skin cancer

As a fair-haired Scot with freckles and pale skin I’m a classic case to be more at risk from melanoma. Getting quite badly sunburned on my nose years ago in Spain has pushed my risk up further.

To say I’ve been wary about the sun is an understatement - I specialise in treating patients with advanced melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer.

I was also in Australia 30 years ago at the start of the Slip-Slop-Slap campaign to warn people to keep out of the sun, and for seven years I never went swimming without being covered in sun lotion and wearing a T-shirt.

But now I believe that rather than reducing the risk of skin cancer, following these sun-avoidance guidelines could actually raise it. That’s because we need sun on our skin to make vitamin D - ironically these campaigns may have made millions chronically short of it and put them at risk. t rather than reducing the risk of skin cancer, following these sun-avoidance guidelines could actually raise it.

That’s because we need sun on our skin to make vitamin D - ironically these campaigns may have made millions chronically short of it and put them at risk. The sun’s effects might even protect against melanoma (as reported in the Mail earlier this month).
As a fair-haired Scot with freckles and pale skin I’m a classic case to be more at risk from melanoma. Getting quite badly sunburned on my nose years ago in Spain has pushed my risk up further.

To say I’ve been wary about the sun is an understatement - I specialise in treating patients with advanced melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer.

I was also in Australia 30 years ago at the start of the Slip-Slop-Slap campaign to warn people to keep out of the sun, and for seven years I never went swimming without being covered in sun lotion and wearing a T-shirt.

But now I believe that rather than reducing the risk of skin cancer, following these sun-avoidance guidelines could actually raise it. That’s because we need sun on our skin to make vitamin D - ironically these campaigns may have made millions chronically short of it and put them at risk. t rather than reducing the risk of skin cancer, following these sun-avoidance guidelines could actually raise it.

That’s because we need sun on our skin to make vitamin D - ironically these campaigns may have made millions chronically short of it and put them at risk. The sun’s effects might even protect against melanoma (as reported in the Mail earlier this month).
Read More