Seizures in Cats

Schriefl, S., T. A. Steinberg, et al. (2008). "Etiologic classification of seizures, signalment, clinical signs, and outcome in cats with seizure disorders: 91 cases (2000-2004)." J Am Vet Med Assoc 233(10): 1591-7.

Epileptic seizures can occur in cats for many reasons, such as metabolic or toxic conditions, inflammatory or infectious diseases, or neoplasia. Seizures with no identifiable cause are called idiopathic epilepsy, which has been considered rare in cats. The purpose of the study reported here was to evaluate associations among etiologic classifications of seizures and signalment, clinical signs, and outcome in cats with various seizure disorders. In this retrospective case series, data was collected on 91 cats presented for seizure disorders to Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich from 2000 to 2004. During this period, the incidence of seizures in all cats presented to this hospital was 2.1%. Etiology was classified as reactive in 20 (22%) cats, symptomatic in 45 (50%), idiopathic or presumptive idiopathic in 23(25%), and cardiac syncope in 3 (3%). Focal seizures were recorded in 52% of the cats, and generalized seizures in 48%. The mean age of cats with idiopathic seizures (3.5 years) was significantly lower than that of cats with reactive seizures (8.2 years) or symptomatic seizures (8.1 years). Cats with idiopathic seizures survived the longest.
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Related articles:
Timmann, D., S. Cizinauskas, et al. (2008). "Retrospective analysis of seizures associated with feline infectious peritonitis in cats." J Feline Med Surg 10(1): 9-15.
>> PubMed Abstract

Bailey, K. S., C. W. Dewey, et al. (2008). "Levetiracetam as an adjunct to phenobarbital treatment in cats with suspected idiopathic epilepsy." J Am Vet Med Assoc 232(6): 867-72.
>> PubMed Abstract

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library

Schriefl, S., T. A. Steinberg, et al. (2008). "Etiologic classification of seizures, signalment, clinical signs, and outcome in cats with seizure disorders: 91 cases (2000-2004)." J Am Vet Med Assoc 233(10): 1591-7.

Epileptic seizures can occur in cats for many reasons, such as metabolic or toxic conditions, inflammatory or infectious diseases, or neoplasia. Seizures with no identifiable cause are called idiopathic epilepsy, which has been considered rare in cats. The purpose of the study reported here was to evaluate associations among etiologic classifications of seizures and signalment, clinical signs, and outcome in cats with various seizure disorders. In this retrospective case series, data was collected on 91 cats presented for seizure disorders to Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich from 2000 to 2004. During this period, the incidence of seizures in all cats presented to this hospital was 2.1%. Etiology was classified as reactive in 20 (22%) cats, symptomatic in 45 (50%), idiopathic or presumptive idiopathic in 23(25%), and cardiac syncope in 3 (3%). Focal seizures were recorded in 52% of the cats, and generalized seizures in 48%. The mean age of cats with idiopathic seizures (3.5 years) was significantly lower than that of cats with reactive seizures (8.2 years) or symptomatic seizures (8.1 years). Cats with idiopathic seizures survived the longest.
>> PubMed Abstract

Related articles:
Timmann, D., S. Cizinauskas, et al. (2008). "Retrospective analysis of seizures associated with feline infectious peritonitis in cats." J Feline Med Surg 10(1): 9-15.
>> PubMed Abstract

Bailey, K. S., C. W. Dewey, et al. (2008). "Levetiracetam as an adjunct to phenobarbital treatment in cats with suspected idiopathic epilepsy." J Am Vet Med Assoc 232(6): 867-72.
>> PubMed Abstract

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library

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Levetiracetam for Epilepsy in Cats

Bailey, K. S., C. W. Dewey, et al. (2008). "Levetiracetam as an adjunct to phenobarbital treatment in cats with suspected idiopathic epilepsy." J Am Vet Med Assoc 232(6): 867-72.

Levetiracetam (Keppra, UCB Pharma) is an anticonvulsant medication licensed for the treatment of epilepsy in humans. Anecdotally, it has been used as adjunctive therapy for epilepsy in dogs and cats. The goal of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and adverse effects of oral levetiracetam administered in conjunction with phenobarbital in cats with poorly controlled epilepsy. The study was designed as an open-label, noncomparative clinical trial. Twelve cats with epilepsy poorly controlled by phenobarbital or that had unacceptable adverse effects from phenobarbital were enrolled in the study. The cats were treated with levetiracetam at 20 mg/kg every 8 hours. Serum drug levels were measured after at least 1 week of treatment. Seizure frequency before and after initiation of therapy were compared, and any adverse effects were recorded. The median serum half-life for levetiracetam was 2.9 hours. Seizure frequency was significantly higher prior to treatment with levetiracetam (2.1 seizures/month versus 0.42 seizures/month). Seven of 10 cats had reduction in seizure frequency of equal to or greater than 50%. Two cats had transient lethargy and anorexia. The researchers conclude that levetiracetam is well tolerated in cats, and may be a useful adjunct therapy to phenobarbital for cats with idiopathic epilepsy.
>> PubMed abstract

Related articles:
Dewey, C. W. (2006). "Anticonvulsant therapy in dogs and cats." Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 36(5): 1107-27, vii.
>> PubMed abstract

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library

Bailey, K. S., C. W. Dewey, et al. (2008). "Levetiracetam as an adjunct to phenobarbital treatment in cats with suspected idiopathic epilepsy." J Am Vet Med Assoc 232(6): 867-72.

Levetiracetam (Keppra, UCB Pharma) is an anticonvulsant medication licensed for the treatment of epilepsy in humans. Anecdotally, it has been used as adjunctive therapy for epilepsy in dogs and cats. The goal of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and adverse effects of oral levetiracetam administered in conjunction with phenobarbital in cats with poorly controlled epilepsy. The study was designed as an open-label, noncomparative clinical trial. Twelve cats with epilepsy poorly controlled by phenobarbital or that had unacceptable adverse effects from phenobarbital were enrolled in the study. The cats were treated with levetiracetam at 20 mg/kg every 8 hours. Serum drug levels were measured after at least 1 week of treatment. Seizure frequency before and after initiation of therapy were compared, and any adverse effects were recorded. The median serum half-life for levetiracetam was 2.9 hours. Seizure frequency was significantly higher prior to treatment with levetiracetam (2.1 seizures/month versus 0.42 seizures/month). Seven of 10 cats had reduction in seizure frequency of equal to or greater than 50%. Two cats had transient lethargy and anorexia. The researchers conclude that levetiracetam is well tolerated in cats, and may be a useful adjunct therapy to phenobarbital for cats with idiopathic epilepsy.
>> PubMed abstract

Related articles:
Dewey, C. W. (2006). "Anticonvulsant therapy in dogs and cats." Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 36(5): 1107-27, vii.
>> PubMed abstract

More on cat health: Winn Feline Foundation Library

Read More