The AB blood group system is the most clinically important blood group system in cats. Life-threatening hemolytic reactions can occur because of an A-B mismatched breeding or transfusion. Very strong naturally occurring anti-A alloantibodies in the plasma of type B cats older than 3 months make it also critical to differentiate type B cats from type A and AB cats. The prevalence of type B blood ranges from 0% in Siamese to approximately 50% in such breeds as the Turkish Van and Turkish Angora. Therefore, it becomes crucial that veterinary practitioners accurately and swiftly determine a cat’s blood type. The present study compared 5 feline AB typing methods for ease of use and accuracy. 490 anticoagulated blood samples from sick and healthy cats were submitted. The tube agglutination assay (TUBE) was the gold standard method that card agglutination (CARD), immunochromatographic cartridge (CHROM), conventional slide (SLIDE), and gel-based assays were compared against. Point of care typing assays such as CARD had 91% agreement (53 of 58), and CHROM had 95% agreement (55 of 58). Laboratory typing assays such as GEL had 99% agreement (487 of 490), and SLIDE also had 99% agreement (482 of 487). Four samples with discordant test results came from cats with FeLV-related anemia. The results indicate current laboratory and in-clinic methods provide simple and accurate typing for the feline AB blood group system with few discrepancies. It was recommended to do retyping after in-clinic typing with the GEL or TUBE laboratory methods. [VT]
Related articles:
Proverbio D, Spada E, Baggiani L et al: Comparison of gel column agglutination with monoclonal antibodies and card agglutination methods for assessing the feline AB group system and a frequency study of feline blood types in northern Italy, Vet Clin Pathol 40:32, 2011.
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